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Jul 10, 2010 at 0:28 comment added KConrad There is also not even any reason to mention the second prime $Q$. Assume for some prime $P$ over $p$ in $O_K$ that $O_P$ is a f.g. module over ${\mathbf Z}_{(p)}$. Then $O_{P}$ is in the integral closure of ${\mathbf Z}_{(p)}$ in $K$, and any number in $K$ that's integral over ${\mathbf Z}_{(p)}$ is certainly integral over the larger ring $O_P$, so it must lie in $O_P$ since $O_P$ is int. closed. Thus the int. closure of ${\mathbf Z}_{(p)}$ in $K$ is $O_P$. The number of primes over $p$ in $O_K$ is the number of primes over $p$ in the int. closure of ${\mathbf Z}_{(p)}$ and $O_P$ has just 1.
Jul 9, 2010 at 20:53 comment added Keenan Kidwell That's a good point. +1
Jul 9, 2010 at 19:55 comment added KConrad No need to introduce $\beta$. Let $P$ and $Q$ be primes lying over $p$ in $O_K$. If $O_P$ is integral over ${\mathbf Z}_{(p)}$ then it's inside $O_p$ and hence inside $O_Q$. Both $O_P$ and $O_Q$ are maximal subrings of $K$, so containment implies equality and then intersecting $O_P$ and $O_Q$ with $O_K$ shows $P = Q$.
Jul 9, 2010 at 14:35 history edited Kevin Buzzard CC BY-SA 2.5
fixed latex with backticks
Jul 9, 2010 at 12:53 vote accept Pedro Martins Rodrigues
Jul 9, 2010 at 12:52 comment added Pedro Martins Rodrigues Thank you, Georges and Keenan, for your answers. My question was exactly as Keenan put it and I was getting to the same conclusion. But if $pO=P^{d}$ then everything is allright, right?
Jul 9, 2010 at 12:46 history answered Keenan Kidwell CC BY-SA 2.5