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Sep 27, 2018 at 20:25 comment added Iosif Pinelis @MarkMeckes : Thank you for your comment. Of course, if arbitrary functions of the r.v.'s are allowed, then one can express the independence of r.v.'s $X$ and $Y$ as the orthogonality of the centered r.v.'s $f(X)$ and $g(Y)$ for all Borel-measurable $f$ and $g$ such that $f(X)$ and $g(Y)$ are in $L^2$. In fact, it is enough here to take $f$ and $g$ to be the Borel-measurable indicators. However, I don't think Fourier analysis extends even to such indicators of the functions $e^{ik\cdot}$.
Sep 27, 2018 at 16:12 comment added Mark Meckes There is no way to translate mere orthogonality into independence or even into a martingale condition. True, but on the other hand, there is a connection worth knowing: mathoverflow.net/a/16517/1044
Sep 24, 2018 at 23:53 history edited Iosif Pinelis CC BY-SA 4.0
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Sep 20, 2018 at 17:37 history answered Iosif Pinelis CC BY-SA 4.0