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Sep 13, 2018 at 1:00 vote accept Michael Albanese
Sep 10, 2018 at 20:27 comment added mme The proof of the classification is a reverse-induction on dimension; if there is some vector so that $B(x,x) = 1$, then split off $x$ as a summand. If not, pick an arbitrary nonzero vector $x_1$ and use nondegeneracy to find some vector $x_2$ with $B(x_1, x_2) = 1$. Split off this subspace as a summand (this uses nondegeneracy to see that the 'complement' is actually 2 dimensions less); the assumption that $B(x, x) = 0$ for all $x$ implies the bilinear form is given by the stated matrix on this summand.
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Sep 10, 2018 at 20:19 history edited mme CC BY-SA 4.0
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Sep 10, 2018 at 19:45 history answered mme CC BY-SA 4.0