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Joel David Hamkins
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The $\frak{c}$-long line is $T_2$, connected and size continuum $\frak{c}$, but has $2^{\frak{c}}$ many open sets, since there is a size continuum discrete subset.

The more familiar $\omega_1$-long line is $T_2$, connected (even path connected, also locally connected), and size $2^\omega$.

But there There are at least $2^{\omega_1}$ many open sets, since there is a size $\omega_1$ discrete family (such as the centers of the half-open intervals used to construct the long line), and so you can place intervals around each of them as you like, making $2^{\omega_1}$ many distinct open sets.

If $2^\omega<2^{\omega_1}$, this gives anfor example. This hypothesis holds under CH, but itif CH holds (but that hypothesis is weaker than CH), then the ordinary long line itself is an example.

In general But in any case, if you take the $\kappa$-long line, is an example for uncountableevery cardinal $\kappa$, then it is $T_2$, connected and size $\kappa\cdot 2^\omega$, but has at least $2^\kappa$ many open sets. So if you take $\kappa\geq 2^\omega$, it will give a counterexample without any CH assumption.

The long line is $T_2$, connected (even path connected, also locally connected), and size $2^\omega$.

But there are at least $2^{\omega_1}$ many open sets, since there is a size $\omega_1$ discrete family, and you can place intervals around each of them as you like, making $2^{\omega_1}$ many distinct open sets.

If $2^\omega<2^{\omega_1}$, this gives an example. This hypothesis holds under CH, but it is weaker than CH.

In general, if you take the $\kappa$-long line, for uncountable cardinal $\kappa$, then it is $T_2$, connected and size $\kappa\cdot 2^\omega$, but has at least $2^\kappa$ many open sets. So if you take $\kappa\geq 2^\omega$, it will give a counterexample without any CH assumption.

The $\frak{c}$-long line is $T_2$, connected and size continuum $\frak{c}$, but has $2^{\frak{c}}$ many open sets, since there is a size continuum discrete subset.

The more familiar $\omega_1$-long line is $T_2$, connected (even path connected, also locally connected), and size $2^\omega$. There are at least $2^{\omega_1}$ many open sets, since there is a size $\omega_1$ discrete family (such as the centers of the half-open intervals used to construct the long line), and so you can place intervals around each of them as you like, making $2^{\omega_1}$ many distinct open sets.

If $2^\omega<2^{\omega_1}$, for example, if CH holds (but that hypothesis is weaker than CH), then the ordinary long line itself is an example. But in any case, the $\kappa$-long line is an example for every cardinal $\kappa\geq 2^\omega$.

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Joel David Hamkins
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  • 777
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The long line is $T_2$, connected (even path connected, also locally connected), and size $2^\omega$.

But there are at least $2^{\omega_1}$ many open sets, since there is a size $\omega_1$ discrete family, and you can place intervals around each of them as you like, making $2^{\omega_1}$ many distinct open sets.

If $2^\omega<2^{\omega_1}$, this gives an example. This hypothesis holds under CH, but it is weaker than CH.

In general, if you take the $\kappa$-long line, for uncountable cardinal $\kappa$, then it is $T_2$, connected and size $\kappa\cdot 2^\omega$, but has at least $2^\kappa$ many open sets. So if you take $\kappa\geq 2^\omega$, it will give a counterexample without any CH assumption.

The long line is $T_2$, connected (even path connected), and size $2^\omega$.

But there are at least $2^{\omega_1}$ many open sets, since there is a size $\omega_1$ discrete family, and you can place intervals around each of them as you like, making $2^{\omega_1}$ many distinct open sets.

If $2^\omega<2^{\omega_1}$, this gives an example. This hypothesis holds under CH, but it is weaker than CH.

In general, if you take the $\kappa$-long line, for uncountable cardinal $\kappa$, then it is $T_2$, connected and size $\kappa\cdot 2^\omega$, but has at least $2^\kappa$ many open sets. So if you take $\kappa\geq 2^\omega$, it will give a counterexample without any CH assumption.

The long line is $T_2$, connected (even path connected, also locally connected), and size $2^\omega$.

But there are at least $2^{\omega_1}$ many open sets, since there is a size $\omega_1$ discrete family, and you can place intervals around each of them as you like, making $2^{\omega_1}$ many distinct open sets.

If $2^\omega<2^{\omega_1}$, this gives an example. This hypothesis holds under CH, but it is weaker than CH.

In general, if you take the $\kappa$-long line, for uncountable cardinal $\kappa$, then it is $T_2$, connected and size $\kappa\cdot 2^\omega$, but has at least $2^\kappa$ many open sets. So if you take $\kappa\geq 2^\omega$, it will give a counterexample without any CH assumption.

Source Link
Joel David Hamkins
  • 236.5k
  • 44
  • 777
  • 1.4k

The long line is $T_2$, connected (even path connected), and size $2^\omega$.

But there are at least $2^{\omega_1}$ many open sets, since there is a size $\omega_1$ discrete family, and you can place intervals around each of them as you like, making $2^{\omega_1}$ many distinct open sets.

If $2^\omega<2^{\omega_1}$, this gives an example. This hypothesis holds under CH, but it is weaker than CH.

In general, if you take the $\kappa$-long line, for uncountable cardinal $\kappa$, then it is $T_2$, connected and size $\kappa\cdot 2^\omega$, but has at least $2^\kappa$ many open sets. So if you take $\kappa\geq 2^\omega$, it will give a counterexample without any CH assumption.