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May 23, 2018 at 9:00 comment added ChanaG Here is something in answe to myself. I'm not 100% sure it's correct, and I don't know yet if it can be used to find concrete examples. Let $K_{n}$ be the intersection of all normal subgroups of $F$ of index $n$. Then $\hat{F}$ is the inverse limit of $F/K_{n}$, and the automorphism group of $\hat{F}$ is the inverse limit of automorphism groups of these quotients. Hence thw closure of $H\subset F$ is characteristic in $\hat{F}$ iff the image of $H$ is characteristic in $F/K_{n}$ for every $n$,
Mar 15, 2018 at 12:24 comment added YCor The other point is that finding an example can be quite energy-consuming (unless there's a pointer to the literature, or a simple example I would fail to see), so it would be more motivating if it's part of a single question.
Mar 15, 2018 at 12:10 comment added ChanaG @YCor The linked question considered general $F$, I was hoping that restricting to free $F$ might help to gather new answers.
Mar 15, 2018 at 11:10 comment added YCor The first question is precisely a duplicate of the linked question (mathoverflow.net/questions/250809) by @rtz. It's a pity that rtz accepted his/her own answer, because it would be better gather new answers there, and because it would be worth isolating the second question (about existence of an example).
Mar 15, 2018 at 10:45 comment added YCor "(i.e., a free profinite group of the same rank)" The profinite completion is not just a profinite group, it's a profinite group along with a homomorphism from the original group.
Mar 15, 2018 at 10:41 history asked ChanaG CC BY-SA 3.0