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Joe Silverman
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I'm confused and probably have a thinking error. Exercise 6 on page 420 of Lam's Lectures on Modules and Rings says essentially:

Let $R$ be a ring and $C$ a cyclic right $R$-module: $C=R/A$ with some right ideal $A$ in R. Let $(-)^{*}$ denote the functor $Hom_R(-,R)$$\operatorname{Hom}_R(-,R)$. Then $C^{*} \cong ann_l(A)$$C^{*} \cong \operatorname{ann}_l(A)$ as right R$R$-modules.

I would think that this is correct.

Specialising to a $A=J$ being the Jacobson radical this gives: $C^{*} \cong ann_l(J) \cong soc(R)$$C^{*} \cong \operatorname{ann}_l(J) \cong \operatorname{soc}(R)$ as the left annihilator of the Jacobson radical is the socle of the algebra (seealgebra; see Lemma 8.3 of Landrock's Finite Group Algebras and Their Modules). So Exercise 6 tells us that taking duals of simple modules gives again simple modules. In particular, the double dual of a simple module should again be the direct sum of simple modules?!

Now take $R$ to be a local non-selfinjective algebra and $C=R/J$ (which is the unique right simple $R$-module). Let $S$ be the simple left $R$-module. Then we get $C^{*} \cong soc(R) \cong \oplus_{k=1}^{n}{S}$$$C^{*} \cong \operatorname{soc}(R) \cong \bigoplus_{k=1}^{n}{S}$$ for some $n$. Then we get doing the same again, $C^{**} \cong {\oplus}_{k=1}^{m}{C}$ for some $m$. But taking for example the algebra $R=K\langle x,y\rangle / (x^2,y^2,xy)$,$$R=K\langle x,y\rangle / (x^2,y^2,xy),$$ my computer tells me that $C^{**}$ is not semisimple and has an indecomposable direct summand of dimension 2.

I do not see the mistake at the moment, so maybe lemmaLemma 8.3. in the book of Landrock might be wrong?

I'm confused and probably have a thinking error. Exercise 6 on page 420 of Lam's Lectures on Modules and Rings says essentially:

Let $R$ be a ring and $C$ a cyclic right $R$-module: $C=R/A$ with some right ideal $A$ in R. Let $(-)^{*}$ denote the functor $Hom_R(-,R)$. Then $C^{*} \cong ann_l(A)$ as right R-modules.

I would think that this is correct.

Specialising to a $A=J$ being the Jacobson radical this gives: $C^{*} \cong ann_l(J) \cong soc(R)$ as the left annihilator of the Jacobson radical is the socle of the algebra (see Lemma 8.3 of Landrock's Finite Group Algebras and Their Modules). So Exercise 6 tells us that taking duals of simple modules gives again simple modules. In particular, the double dual of a simple module should again be the direct sum of simple modules?!

Now take $R$ to be a local non-selfinjective algebra and $C=R/J$ (which is the unique right simple $R$-module). Let $S$ be the simple left $R$-module. Then we get $C^{*} \cong soc(R) \cong \oplus_{k=1}^{n}{S}$ for some $n$. Then we get doing the same again, $C^{**} \cong {\oplus}_{k=1}^{m}{C}$ for some $m$. But taking for example the algebra $R=K\langle x,y\rangle / (x^2,y^2,xy)$, my computer tells me that $C^{**}$ is not semisimple and has an indecomposable direct summand of dimension 2.

I do not see the mistake at the moment, so maybe lemma 8.3. in the book of Landrock might be wrong?

I'm confused and probably have a thinking error. Exercise 6 on page 420 of Lam's Lectures on Modules and Rings says essentially:

Let $R$ be a ring and $C$ a cyclic right $R$-module: $C=R/A$ with some right ideal $A$ in R. Let $(-)^{*}$ denote the functor $\operatorname{Hom}_R(-,R)$. Then $C^{*} \cong \operatorname{ann}_l(A)$ as right $R$-modules.

I would think that this is correct.

Specialising to a $A=J$ being the Jacobson radical this gives: $C^{*} \cong \operatorname{ann}_l(J) \cong \operatorname{soc}(R)$ as the left annihilator of the Jacobson radical is the socle of the algebra; see Lemma 8.3 of Landrock's Finite Group Algebras and Their Modules. So Exercise 6 tells us that taking duals of simple modules gives again simple modules. In particular, the double dual of a simple module should again be the direct sum of simple modules?!

Now take $R$ to be a local non-selfinjective algebra and $C=R/J$ (which is the unique right simple $R$-module). Let $S$ be the simple left $R$-module. Then we get $$C^{*} \cong \operatorname{soc}(R) \cong \bigoplus_{k=1}^{n}{S}$$ for some $n$. Then we get doing the same again, $C^{**} \cong {\oplus}_{k=1}^{m}{C}$ for some $m$. But taking for example the algebra $$R=K\langle x,y\rangle / (x^2,y^2,xy),$$ my computer tells me that $C^{**}$ is not semisimple and has an indecomposable direct summand of dimension 2.

I do not see the mistake at the moment, so maybe Lemma 8.3. in the book of Landrock might be wrong?

Corrected some syntax and punctuation.
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ImI'm confused and probably have a thinking error.   Exercise Exercise 66 on page 420 of Lam's "Lectures on Modules and Rings"Lectures on Modules and Rings says the followingessentially:

Let $R$ be a ring and $C$ a cyclic right $R$-module: $C=R/A$ with some right ideal $A$ in R. Let $(-)^{*}$ denote the functor $Hom_R(-,R)$. Then $C^{*} \cong ann_l(A)$ as right R-modules.

Let $R$ be a ring and $C$ a cyclic right $R$-module: $C=R/A$ with some right ideal $A$ in R. Let $(-)^{*}$ denote the functor $Hom_R(-,R)$. Then $C^{*} \cong ann_l(A)$ as right R-modules.

I would think that this is correct.

Specialising to a $A=J$ being the Jacobson radical this gives: $C^{*} \cong ann_l(J) \cong soc(R)$ as the left annihilator of the Jacobson radical is the socle of the algebra (see Lemma 8.3. of the book "Finite Group Algebras and Their Modules" by LandrockLandrock's Finite Group Algebras and Their Modules). So exerciseExercise 6 tells us that taking duals of simple modules gives again simple modules. In particular, the double dual of a simple module should again be the direct sum of simple modules  ?! Now

Now take $R$ to be a local non-selfinjective algebra and $C=R/J$ (which is the unique right simple $R$-module). Let $S$ be the simple left $R$-module. Then we get $C^{*} \cong soc(R) \cong \bigoplus\limits_{k=1}^{n}{S}$$C^{*} \cong soc(R) \cong \oplus_{k=1}^{n}{S}$ for some $n$. Then Then we get doing the same again, $C^{**} \cong \bigoplus\limits_{k=1}^{m}{C}$$C^{**} \cong {\oplus}_{k=1}^{m}{C}$ for some $m$. But taking for example the algebra $R=K\langle x,y\rangle / (x^2,y^2,xy)$, my computer tells me that $C^{**}$ is not semisimple and has an indecomposable direct summand of dimension 2.

I do not see the mistake at the moment, so maybe lemma 8.3. in the book of Landrock might be wrong?

Im confused and probably have a thinking error.  Exercise 6 on page 420 of Lam's "Lectures on Modules and Rings" says the following:

Let $R$ be a ring and $C$ a cyclic right $R$-module: $C=R/A$ with some right ideal $A$ in R. Let $(-)^{*}$ denote the functor $Hom_R(-,R)$. Then $C^{*} \cong ann_l(A)$ as right R-modules.

I would think that this is correct.

Specialising to a $A=J$ being the Jacobson radical this gives: $C^{*} \cong ann_l(J) \cong soc(R)$ as the left annihilator of the Jacobson radical is the socle of the algebra (see Lemma 8.3. of the book "Finite Group Algebras and Their Modules" by Landrock). So exercise 6 tells us that taking duals of simple modules gives again simple modules. In particular, the double dual of a simple module should again be the direct sum of simple modules  ?! Now take $R$ to be a local non-selfinjective algebra and $C=R/J$ (which is the unique right simple $R$-module). Let $S$ be the simple left $R$-module. Then we get $C^{*} \cong soc(R) \cong \bigoplus\limits_{k=1}^{n}{S}$ for some $n$. Then we get doing the same again, $C^{**} \cong \bigoplus\limits_{k=1}^{m}{C}$ for some $m$. But taking for example the algebra $R=K\langle x,y\rangle / (x^2,y^2,xy)$, my computer tells me that $C^{**}$ is not semisimple and has an indecomposable direct summand of dimension 2.

I do not see the mistake at the moment, so maybe lemma 8.3. in the book of Landrock might be wrong?

I'm confused and probably have a thinking error. Exercise 6 on page 420 of Lam's Lectures on Modules and Rings says essentially:

Let $R$ be a ring and $C$ a cyclic right $R$-module: $C=R/A$ with some right ideal $A$ in R. Let $(-)^{*}$ denote the functor $Hom_R(-,R)$. Then $C^{*} \cong ann_l(A)$ as right R-modules.

I would think that this is correct.

Specialising to a $A=J$ being the Jacobson radical this gives: $C^{*} \cong ann_l(J) \cong soc(R)$ as the left annihilator of the Jacobson radical is the socle of the algebra (see Lemma 8.3 of Landrock's Finite Group Algebras and Their Modules). So Exercise 6 tells us that taking duals of simple modules gives again simple modules. In particular, the double dual of a simple module should again be the direct sum of simple modules?!

Now take $R$ to be a local non-selfinjective algebra and $C=R/J$ (which is the unique right simple $R$-module). Let $S$ be the simple left $R$-module. Then we get $C^{*} \cong soc(R) \cong \oplus_{k=1}^{n}{S}$ for some $n$. Then we get doing the same again, $C^{**} \cong {\oplus}_{k=1}^{m}{C}$ for some $m$. But taking for example the algebra $R=K\langle x,y\rangle / (x^2,y^2,xy)$, my computer tells me that $C^{**}$ is not semisimple and has an indecomposable direct summand of dimension 2.

I do not see the mistake at the moment, so maybe lemma 8.3. in the book of Landrock might be wrong?

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Martin Sleziak
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Im confused and probalbyprobably have a thinking error. Exercise 6 on page 420Exercise 6 on page 420 of Lam's "Lectures on Modules and Rings" says the following:

Let $R$ be a ring and $C$ a cyclic right $R$-module: $C=R/A$ with some right ideal $A$ in R. Let $(-)^{*}$ denote the functor $Hom_R(-,R)$. Then $C^{*} \cong ann_l(A)$ as right R-modules.

I would think that this is correct.

Specialising to a $A=J$ being the Jacobson radical this gives: $C^{*} \cong ann_l(J) \cong soc(R)$ as the left annihilator of the Jacobson radical is the socle of the algebra (see Lemma 8.3.Lemma 8.3. of the book "Finite Group Algebras and Their Modules" by Landrock). So exercise 6 tells us that taking duals of simple modules gives again simple modules. In particular, the double dual of a simple module should again be the direct sum of simple modules ?! Now take $R$ to be a local non-selfinjective algebra and $C=R/J$ (which is the unique right simple $R$-module). Let $S$ be the simple left $R$-module. Then we get $C^{*} \cong soc(R) \cong \bigoplus\limits_{k=1}^{n}{S}$ for some $n$. Then we get doing the same again, $C^{**} \cong \bigoplus\limits_{k=1}^{m}{C}$ for some $m$. But taking for example the algebra $R=K<x,y>/(x^2,y^2,xy)$$R=K\langle x,y\rangle / (x^2,y^2,xy)$, my computer tells me that $C^{**}$ is not semisimple and has an indecomposable direct summand of dimension 2.

I do not see the mistake at the moment, so maybe lemma 8.3. in the book of Landrock might be wrong?

Im confused and probalby have a thinking error. Exercise 6 on page 420 of Lam's "Lectures on Modules and Rings" says the following:

Let $R$ be a ring and $C$ a cyclic right $R$-module: $C=R/A$ with some right ideal $A$ in R. Let $(-)^{*}$ denote the functor $Hom_R(-,R)$. Then $C^{*} \cong ann_l(A)$ as right R-modules.

I would think that this is correct.

Specialising to a $A=J$ being the Jacobson radical this gives: $C^{*} \cong ann_l(J) \cong soc(R)$ as the left annihilator of the Jacobson radical is the socle of the algebra (see Lemma 8.3. of the book by Landrock). So exercise 6 tells us that taking duals of simple modules gives again simple modules. In particular, the double dual of a simple module should again be the direct sum of simple modules ?! Now take $R$ to be a local non-selfinjective algebra and $C=R/J$ (which is the unique right simple $R$-module). Let $S$ be the simple left $R$-module. Then we get $C^{*} \cong soc(R) \cong \bigoplus\limits_{k=1}^{n}{S}$ for some $n$. Then we get doing the same again, $C^{**} \cong \bigoplus\limits_{k=1}^{m}{C}$ for some $m$. But taking for example the algebra $R=K<x,y>/(x^2,y^2,xy)$, my computer tells me that $C^{**}$ is not semisimple and has an indecomposable direct summand of dimension 2.

I do not see the mistake at the moment, so maybe lemma 8.3. in the book of Landrock might be wrong?

Im confused and probably have a thinking error. Exercise 6 on page 420 of Lam's "Lectures on Modules and Rings" says the following:

Let $R$ be a ring and $C$ a cyclic right $R$-module: $C=R/A$ with some right ideal $A$ in R. Let $(-)^{*}$ denote the functor $Hom_R(-,R)$. Then $C^{*} \cong ann_l(A)$ as right R-modules.

I would think that this is correct.

Specialising to a $A=J$ being the Jacobson radical this gives: $C^{*} \cong ann_l(J) \cong soc(R)$ as the left annihilator of the Jacobson radical is the socle of the algebra (see Lemma 8.3. of the book "Finite Group Algebras and Their Modules" by Landrock). So exercise 6 tells us that taking duals of simple modules gives again simple modules. In particular, the double dual of a simple module should again be the direct sum of simple modules ?! Now take $R$ to be a local non-selfinjective algebra and $C=R/J$ (which is the unique right simple $R$-module). Let $S$ be the simple left $R$-module. Then we get $C^{*} \cong soc(R) \cong \bigoplus\limits_{k=1}^{n}{S}$ for some $n$. Then we get doing the same again, $C^{**} \cong \bigoplus\limits_{k=1}^{m}{C}$ for some $m$. But taking for example the algebra $R=K\langle x,y\rangle / (x^2,y^2,xy)$, my computer tells me that $C^{**}$ is not semisimple and has an indecomposable direct summand of dimension 2.

I do not see the mistake at the moment, so maybe lemma 8.3. in the book of Landrock might be wrong?

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Mare
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