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Dec 25, 2017 at 13:21 vote accept Taras Banakh
Dec 25, 2017 at 1:08 comment added Daniel Loughran I would not be surprised if the answer to your Question $2^n$ is no in general. Your problem looks very similar to the Grunwald–Wang theorem. As explained in the link, 16 is an 8th power modulo every odd prime $p$, but is clearly not an 8th power in $\mathbb{Z}$. I tried to use this to give a counter-example in the case $n=3$ and $a=16$, but alas it does not seem to work as the polynomial $(x^2 + x)^8 = 16$ has no root modulo $7$. However, something like this might still work.
Dec 24, 2017 at 15:40 history edited Taras Banakh CC BY-SA 3.0
I edited the second question
Dec 24, 2017 at 14:01 history edited YCor CC BY-SA 3.0
fixed English error in title, added link to def of Golomb space
Dec 24, 2017 at 12:56 answer added Will Sawin timeline score: 9
Dec 24, 2017 at 12:22 comment added GH from MO I added the analytic number theory tag, because the answers and history make it relevant.
Dec 24, 2017 at 12:22 history edited GH from MO
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Dec 24, 2017 at 12:00 history edited Joonas Ilmavirta CC BY-SA 3.0
added 1 character in body
Dec 24, 2017 at 10:57 history edited GH from MO
edited tags
Dec 24, 2017 at 10:42 answer added GH from MO timeline score: 18
Dec 24, 2017 at 10:41 answer added Wojowu timeline score: 7
Dec 24, 2017 at 10:11 history edited Taras Banakh CC BY-SA 3.0
deleted 95 characters in body
Dec 24, 2017 at 10:04 history edited Taras Banakh CC BY-SA 3.0
Removed Fact 2 as I already know the answer
Dec 24, 2017 at 9:57 history edited Taras Banakh CC BY-SA 3.0
Changed the title
Dec 24, 2017 at 8:51 history asked Taras Banakh CC BY-SA 3.0