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Nov 12, 2017 at 3:36 comment added rollover @nfdc23 Thank you! It all makes sense now. :) Feel free to post this as an answer so I can accept it.
Nov 11, 2017 at 17:24 comment added nfdc23 The identity component of the Picard scheme of a projective scheme $Z$ over a field $k$ is generally not proper, even for a singular integral curve (e.g., for $Z$ the nodal cubic it is $\mathbf{G}_m$); the real content is that ${\rm{Pic}}^0_{D/k}$ is proper (given that a-priori it is smooth since $\dim D = 1$), and this is what we get from the surjectivity of the map from ${\rm{Pic}}^0_{X/k}$ that is already known to be proper.
Nov 11, 2017 at 12:52 comment added rollover If $Pic^0$ of any proper 1-dim. scheme is smooth, what do you make of the formulation "we see that $Pic^0X \rightarrow Pic^0D$ is surjective, and because $Pic^0X$ is an Abelian variety, we conclude that $Pic^0D$ is also an Abelian variety"? If $Pic^0D$ is smooth and therefore Abelian anyways, then this seems quite redundant..
Nov 11, 2017 at 12:51 comment added rollover @nfdc23 thank you for your swift comment! I saw this (I believe) in Mumford's Lecture notes on curves on algebraic surfaces, lecture 27, as indicated in both the paper and Badescu's book. I currently forget the exact formulation, and don't have access to either M's lectures or the book you mentioned until monday. Do you happen to have the exact statement?
Nov 11, 2017 at 5:07 comment added nfdc23 The Picard scheme of a proper 1-dimensional scheme is always smooth since the infinitesimal criterion is a consequence of the vanishing of coherent ${\rm{H}}^2$ on such "curves" (see 8.4/2 in the book Neron Models). So the target ${\rm{Pic}}^0_{D/k}$ is a smooth connected group variety, and inherits properness by surjectivity, whence it is an abelian variety.
Nov 11, 2017 at 3:32 history asked rollover CC BY-SA 3.0