Skip to main content
added 34 characters in body
Source Link
Iosif Pinelis
  • 127.7k
  • 8
  • 107
  • 229

Let $A:=\text{diag}(a_1,\dots,a_N)$, the diagonal matrix with entries $a_1,\dots,a_N$. Let $U(t):=B\circ W(t)$, where $B:=(b_{ij})$ (the matrix of the $b_{ij}$'s), $W(t):=(W_{ij}(t))$ (the standard Wiener process in $\mathbb{R}^{N\times N}$), and $\circ$ is the Hadamard matrix product, so that $U_{ij}(t)=b_{ij}W_{ij}(t)$ for all $i,j,t$. Then it is rather straightforward to show that the quadratic variation of $U$ is \begin{equation} [U]_t=\lim\sum_{r=0}^{n-1}(U(t_{r+1})-U(t_r))^2=t\tilde B^2 \tag{1} \end{equation} for $t>0$, where $0=t_0<\dots<t_n=t$, the limit is in $L^2$ (and hence in probability) as $\max_r(t_{r+1}-t_r)\to0$, and
$$\tilde B^2:=\text{diag}(b_{11}^2,\dots,b_{NN}^2).$$

In general, there is apparently no explicit solution of the system of equation $dX_i=X_i a_i \, dt+\sum_{j=1}^N X_j b_{ij} \,dW_{ij}$; cf. the last line on page 2 of Duan--Yan.

Consider the special case when $A=aI_N$ and $\tilde B^2=b^2I_N$ for some real $a$ and $b$, and let \begin{equation} X(t):=e^{(a-b^2/2)t}e^{B\circ W(t)}X_0 \tag{2} \end{equation} with $X_0$ independent of $W(\cdot)$. Then it follows from (1) (alongsay, along the lines of the derivation of the Ito formula for real-valued functions of a real-valued Ito process) that (2) is a solution to the system of equations $dX_i=X_i a_i \, dt+\sum_{j=1}^N X_j b_{ij} \,dW_{ij}$. The case of the displayed system of two stochastic differential equations in question is covered by this setting, with $N=2$, $a=0$, and $b=1$.

Let $A:=\text{diag}(a_1,\dots,a_N)$, the diagonal matrix with entries $a_1,\dots,a_N$. Let $U(t):=B\circ W(t)$, where $B:=(b_{ij})$ (the matrix of the $b_{ij}$'s), $W(t):=(W_{ij}(t))$ (the standard Wiener process in $\mathbb{R}^{N\times N}$), and $\circ$ is the Hadamard matrix product, so that $U_{ij}(t)=b_{ij}W_{ij}(t)$ for all $i,j,t$. Then it is rather straightforward to show that the quadratic variation of $U$ is \begin{equation} [U]_t=\lim\sum_{r=0}^{n-1}(U(t_{r+1})-U(t_r))^2=t\tilde B^2 \tag{1} \end{equation} for $t>0$, where $0=t_0<\dots<t_n=t$, the limit is in $L^2$ (and hence in probability) as $\max_r(t_{r+1}-t_r)\to0$, and
$$\tilde B^2:=\text{diag}(b_{11}^2,\dots,b_{NN}^2).$$

In general, there is apparently no explicit solution of the system of equation $dX_i=X_i a_i \, dt+\sum_{j=1}^N X_j b_{ij} \,dW_{ij}$; cf. the last line on page 2 of Duan--Yan.

Consider the special case when $A=aI_N$ and $\tilde B^2=b^2I_N$ for some real $a$ and $b$, and let \begin{equation} X(t):=e^{(a-b^2/2)t}e^{B\circ W(t)}X_0 \tag{2} \end{equation} with $X_0$ independent of $W(\cdot)$. Then it follows from (1) (along the lines of the derivation of the Ito formula for real-valued functions) that (2) is a solution to the system of equations $dX_i=X_i a_i \, dt+\sum_{j=1}^N X_j b_{ij} \,dW_{ij}$. The case of the displayed system of two stochastic differential equations in question is covered by this setting, with $N=2$, $a=0$, and $b=1$.

Let $A:=\text{diag}(a_1,\dots,a_N)$, the diagonal matrix with entries $a_1,\dots,a_N$. Let $U(t):=B\circ W(t)$, where $B:=(b_{ij})$ (the matrix of the $b_{ij}$'s), $W(t):=(W_{ij}(t))$ (the standard Wiener process in $\mathbb{R}^{N\times N}$), and $\circ$ is the Hadamard matrix product, so that $U_{ij}(t)=b_{ij}W_{ij}(t)$ for all $i,j,t$. Then it is rather straightforward to show that the quadratic variation of $U$ is \begin{equation} [U]_t=\lim\sum_{r=0}^{n-1}(U(t_{r+1})-U(t_r))^2=t\tilde B^2 \tag{1} \end{equation} for $t>0$, where $0=t_0<\dots<t_n=t$, the limit is in $L^2$ (and hence in probability) as $\max_r(t_{r+1}-t_r)\to0$, and
$$\tilde B^2:=\text{diag}(b_{11}^2,\dots,b_{NN}^2).$$

In general, there is apparently no explicit solution of the system of equation $dX_i=X_i a_i \, dt+\sum_{j=1}^N X_j b_{ij} \,dW_{ij}$; cf. the last line on page 2 of Duan--Yan.

Consider the special case when $A=aI_N$ and $\tilde B^2=b^2I_N$ for some real $a$ and $b$, and let \begin{equation} X(t):=e^{(a-b^2/2)t}e^{B\circ W(t)}X_0 \tag{2} \end{equation} with $X_0$ independent of $W(\cdot)$. Then it follows from (1) (say, along the lines of the derivation of the Ito formula for real-valued functions of a real-valued Ito process) that (2) is a solution to the system of equations $dX_i=X_i a_i \, dt+\sum_{j=1}^N X_j b_{ij} \,dW_{ij}$. The case of the displayed system of two stochastic differential equations in question is covered by this setting, with $N=2$, $a=0$, and $b=1$.

added 8 characters in body
Source Link
Iosif Pinelis
  • 127.7k
  • 8
  • 107
  • 229

Let $A:=\text{diag}(a_1,\dots,a_N)$, the diagonal matrix with entries $a_1,\dots,a_N$. Let $U(t):=B\circ W(t)$, where $B:=(b_{ij})$ (the matrix of the $b_{ij}$'s), $W(t):=(W_{ij}(t))$ (the standard Wiener process in $\mathbb{R}^{N\times N}$), and $\circ$ is the Hadamard matrix product, so that $U_{ij}(t)=b_{ij}W_{ij}(t)$ for all $i,j,t$. Then it is rather straightforward to show that the quadratic variation of $U$ is \begin{equation} [U]_t=\lim\sum_{r=0}^{n-1}(U(t_{r+1})-U(t_r))^2=t\tilde B^2 \tag{1} \end{equation} for $t>0$, where $0=t_0<\dots<t_n=t$, the limit is in $L^2$ (and hence in probability) as $\max_r(t_{r+1}-t_r)\to0$, and
$$\tilde B^2:=\text{diag}(b_{11}^2,\dots,b_{NN}^2).$$

In general, there is apparently no explicit solution of the system of equation $dX_i=X_i a_i \, dt+\sum_{j=1}^N X_j b_{ij} \,dW_{ij}$; cf. the last line on page 2 of Duan--Yan.

Consider the special case when $A=aI_N$ and $\tilde B^2=b^2I_N$ for some real $a$ and $b$, and let \begin{equation} X(t):=e^{(a-b^2/2)t}e^{B\circ W(t)}X_0 \end{equation}\begin{equation} X(t):=e^{(a-b^2/2)t}e^{B\circ W(t)}X_0 \tag{2} \end{equation} with $X_0$ independent of $W(\cdot)$. Then it follows from (1) (along the lines of the derivation of the Ito formula for real-valued functions) that (2) is a solution to the system of equations $dX_i=X_i a_i \, dt+\sum_{j=1}^N X_j b_{ij} \,dW_{ij}$. The case of the displayed system of two stochastic differential equations in question is covered by this setting, with $N=2$, $a=0$, and $b=1$.

Let $A:=\text{diag}(a_1,\dots,a_N)$, the diagonal matrix with entries $a_1,\dots,a_N$. Let $U(t):=B\circ W(t)$, where $B:=(b_{ij})$ (the matrix of the $b_{ij}$'s), $W(t):=(W_{ij}(t))$ (the standard Wiener process in $\mathbb{R}^{N\times N}$), and $\circ$ is the Hadamard matrix product, so that $U_{ij}(t)=b_{ij}W_{ij}(t)$ for all $i,j,t$. Then it is rather straightforward to show that the quadratic variation of $U$ is \begin{equation} [U]_t=\lim\sum_{r=0}^{n-1}(U(t_{r+1})-U(t_r))^2=t\tilde B^2 \tag{1} \end{equation} for $t>0$, where $0=t_0<\dots<t_n=t$, the limit is in $L^2$ (and hence in probability) as $\max_r(t_{r+1}-t_r)\to0$, and
$$\tilde B^2:=\text{diag}(b_{11}^2,\dots,b_{NN}^2).$$

In general, there is apparently no explicit solution of the system of equation $dX_i=X_i a_i \, dt+\sum_{j=1}^N X_j b_{ij} \,dW_{ij}$; cf. the last line on page 2 of Duan--Yan.

Consider the special case when $A=aI_N$ and $\tilde B^2=b^2I_N$ for some real $a$ and $b$, and let \begin{equation} X(t):=e^{(a-b^2/2)t}e^{B\circ W(t)}X_0 \end{equation} with $X_0$ independent of $W(\cdot)$. Then it follows from (1) (along the lines of the derivation of the Ito formula for real-valued functions) that (2) is a solution to the system of equations $dX_i=X_i a_i \, dt+\sum_{j=1}^N X_j b_{ij} \,dW_{ij}$. The case of the displayed system of two stochastic differential equations in question is covered by this setting, with $N=2$, $a=0$, and $b=1$.

Let $A:=\text{diag}(a_1,\dots,a_N)$, the diagonal matrix with entries $a_1,\dots,a_N$. Let $U(t):=B\circ W(t)$, where $B:=(b_{ij})$ (the matrix of the $b_{ij}$'s), $W(t):=(W_{ij}(t))$ (the standard Wiener process in $\mathbb{R}^{N\times N}$), and $\circ$ is the Hadamard matrix product, so that $U_{ij}(t)=b_{ij}W_{ij}(t)$ for all $i,j,t$. Then it is rather straightforward to show that the quadratic variation of $U$ is \begin{equation} [U]_t=\lim\sum_{r=0}^{n-1}(U(t_{r+1})-U(t_r))^2=t\tilde B^2 \tag{1} \end{equation} for $t>0$, where $0=t_0<\dots<t_n=t$, the limit is in $L^2$ (and hence in probability) as $\max_r(t_{r+1}-t_r)\to0$, and
$$\tilde B^2:=\text{diag}(b_{11}^2,\dots,b_{NN}^2).$$

In general, there is apparently no explicit solution of the system of equation $dX_i=X_i a_i \, dt+\sum_{j=1}^N X_j b_{ij} \,dW_{ij}$; cf. the last line on page 2 of Duan--Yan.

Consider the special case when $A=aI_N$ and $\tilde B^2=b^2I_N$ for some real $a$ and $b$, and let \begin{equation} X(t):=e^{(a-b^2/2)t}e^{B\circ W(t)}X_0 \tag{2} \end{equation} with $X_0$ independent of $W(\cdot)$. Then it follows from (1) (along the lines of the derivation of the Ito formula for real-valued functions) that (2) is a solution to the system of equations $dX_i=X_i a_i \, dt+\sum_{j=1}^N X_j b_{ij} \,dW_{ij}$. The case of the displayed system of two stochastic differential equations in question is covered by this setting, with $N=2$, $a=0$, and $b=1$.

Source Link
Iosif Pinelis
  • 127.7k
  • 8
  • 107
  • 229

Let $A:=\text{diag}(a_1,\dots,a_N)$, the diagonal matrix with entries $a_1,\dots,a_N$. Let $U(t):=B\circ W(t)$, where $B:=(b_{ij})$ (the matrix of the $b_{ij}$'s), $W(t):=(W_{ij}(t))$ (the standard Wiener process in $\mathbb{R}^{N\times N}$), and $\circ$ is the Hadamard matrix product, so that $U_{ij}(t)=b_{ij}W_{ij}(t)$ for all $i,j,t$. Then it is rather straightforward to show that the quadratic variation of $U$ is \begin{equation} [U]_t=\lim\sum_{r=0}^{n-1}(U(t_{r+1})-U(t_r))^2=t\tilde B^2 \tag{1} \end{equation} for $t>0$, where $0=t_0<\dots<t_n=t$, the limit is in $L^2$ (and hence in probability) as $\max_r(t_{r+1}-t_r)\to0$, and
$$\tilde B^2:=\text{diag}(b_{11}^2,\dots,b_{NN}^2).$$

In general, there is apparently no explicit solution of the system of equation $dX_i=X_i a_i \, dt+\sum_{j=1}^N X_j b_{ij} \,dW_{ij}$; cf. the last line on page 2 of Duan--Yan.

Consider the special case when $A=aI_N$ and $\tilde B^2=b^2I_N$ for some real $a$ and $b$, and let \begin{equation} X(t):=e^{(a-b^2/2)t}e^{B\circ W(t)}X_0 \end{equation} with $X_0$ independent of $W(\cdot)$. Then it follows from (1) (along the lines of the derivation of the Ito formula for real-valued functions) that (2) is a solution to the system of equations $dX_i=X_i a_i \, dt+\sum_{j=1}^N X_j b_{ij} \,dW_{ij}$. The case of the displayed system of two stochastic differential equations in question is covered by this setting, with $N=2$, $a=0$, and $b=1$.