Please do not ignore the other author, Peter Kronheimer. Based on all of the material I've read, I do not agree with your belief about the book. I think it is more detailed than you will find elsewhere which covers all of that material. Here are some useful alternatives, though:
Take that book and replace the gaugestructure group $SU(2)$ by $SO(3)$. That's done here,This route is taken in Petrie-Randall's "Connections, definite forms, and four-manifolds".
If you care more about easierfor easy digestion and less about whether it is sketchy, the closest thing I can think of to Donaldson-Kronheimer's book is Freed-Uhlenbeck's "Instantons and four-manifolds".
For rigorous yet digestive background, I recommend Booss-Bleecker's "Topology and analysis: the Atiyah-Singer index formula and gauge-theoretic physics". Other relevent material, which has a lot of explanations/comments but I don't think you'll find themnot complete norand not always rigorous, are Gompf-Stipsicz' "4-manifolds and Kirby calculus" and Scorpan's "The wild world of 4-manifolds".