Here's an approach that works up to about dimension 7, outlined by Freed-Hopkins, §10, and explained in more detail by Campbell.
There's a weak equivalence $\Sigma^{-1} \mathrm{MPin}^-\simeq \mathrm{MSpin}\wedge \mathrm{MTO}_1$, where $\mathrm{MTO}_1$ is a Madsen-TillmanTillmann spectrum, the Thom spectrum of the virtual vector bundle $(\underline{\mathbb R} - S)\to B\mathrm O_1$, where $\underline{\mathbb R}$ is the trivial line bundle and $S\to B\mathrm O_1$ is the tautological line bundle. Hence, to understand $\Omega_d^{\mathrm{Pin}^-}(B\mathbb Z/2)$, it suffices to understand the homotopy groups of $\mathrm{MSpin}\wedge\mathrm{MTO_1}\wedge B\mathbb Z/2$.
We'll use the Adams spectral sequence, but there's a key trick that makes it simpler. Let $\mathcal A(1)$ denote the subalgebra of the Steenrod algebra generated by $\mathrm{Sq}^1$ and $\mathrm{Sq}^2$. Then, Anderson, Brown, and Peterson proved that, as $\mathcal A$-modules,
$$ H^*(\mathrm{MSpin};\mathbb F_2)\cong \mathcal A\otimes_{\mathcal A(1)} (\mathbb F_2\oplus M),$$
where $M$ is a graded $\mathcal A(1)$-module which is $0$ in dimension less than 8.
Thus we can invoke a change-of-rings theorem for the $E_2$-page of the Adams spectral sequence for $\mathrm{MSpin}\wedge\mathrm{MTO_1}\wedge B\mathbb Z/2$: using the Adams grading, when $t -s < 8$, \begin{align*} E_2^{s,t} &= \mathrm{Ext}_{\mathcal A}^{s,t}(H^*(\mathrm{MSpin}\wedge\mathrm{MTO_1}\wedge B\mathbb Z/2; \mathbb F_2), \mathbb F_2)\\ &\cong \mathrm{Ext}_{\mathcal A}^{s,t}((A\otimes_{\mathcal A(1)} \mathbb F_2)\otimes H^*(\mathrm{MTO_1}\wedge B\mathbb Z/2; \mathbb F_2), \mathbb F_2)\\ &\cong \mathrm{Ext}_{\mathcal A(1)}^{s,t}(H^*(\mathrm{MTO_1}\wedge B\mathbb Z/2; \mathbb F_2), \mathbb F_2). \end{align*} Explicitly calculating this is tractable, because $\mathcal A(1)$ is small and we're only going up to dimension 7.
- The $\mathcal A(1)$-module structure on $\tilde H^*(B\mathbb Z/2; \mathbb F_2)$ is standard, and Campbell describes it in Example 3.3 of his paper.
- Campbell also calculates the $\mathcal A(1)$-module structure on $H^*(\mathrm{MTO}_1; \mathbb F_2)$, and describes the answer in Example 6.6 and Figure 6.4.
A priori, the above method cannot detect torsion away from the prime 2. But $\Omega_*^{\mathrm{Pin^-}}(B\mathbb Z/2)$ cannot have any $p$-torsion for an odd prime $p$: the $E^2$-page for the Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence computing $\Omega_*^{\mathrm{Pin^-}}(B\mathbb Z/2)_{(p)}$ is
$$E^2_{q_1,q_2} = H_{q_1}(B\mathbb Z/2; \Omega_{q_2}^{\mathrm{Pin}^-})_{(p)},$$
but the homology of $B\mathbb Z/2$ has no $p$-torsion when $p\ne 2$, so the spectral sequence vanishes. Therefore its $E^\infty$-page, the $p$-localization of $\Omega_*^{\mathrm{Pin^-}}(B\mathbb Z/2)$, is trivial, so the above method suffices (for $*\le 7$).