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Bounty Ended with Ian Agol's answer chosen by Jimmy Dillies
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The title clearly was too general. I made the *question* in the OP the new title. To speak of the 'length of a component' just *happened* to be sensical here, yet sounds incorrect.
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Example of Does every finite bridgeless cubic planar simple undirected graph withadmit a 2 factor-factorization with at most two components each of which has even order?

Consider simple bridgeless cubic planar graphs. Does each such graph admit a 2-factorization with 2 (or less) components each of which has even length? (If not, does anyone know of an counter-example?)

Stated otherwise, each simple bridgeless cubic planar graph is either Hamiltonian or admits a 2-factorization each of which component has even length. Is there an upper bound of the number of components?

  • Does each such graph admit a 2-factorization with $\leq 2$ components each of which has even order?

  • If not, does anyone know of an counterexample?

  • More generally: each simple bridgeless cubic planar graph is either Hamiltonian or admits a 2-factorization each of which component has even order. But is there an upper bound of the number of these components?

Example of graph with 2 factor

Consider simple bridgeless cubic planar graphs. Does each such graph admit a 2-factorization with 2 (or less) components each of which has even length? (If not, does anyone know of an counter-example?)

Stated otherwise, each simple bridgeless cubic planar graph is either Hamiltonian or admits a 2-factorization each of which component has even length. Is there an upper bound of the number of components?

Does every finite bridgeless cubic planar simple undirected graph admit a 2-factorization with at most two components each of which has even order?

Consider simple bridgeless cubic planar graphs.

  • Does each such graph admit a 2-factorization with $\leq 2$ components each of which has even order?

  • If not, does anyone know of an counterexample?

  • More generally: each simple bridgeless cubic planar graph is either Hamiltonian or admits a 2-factorization each of which component has even order. But is there an upper bound of the number of these components?

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Example of graph with 2 factor

Consider simple bridgeless cubic planar graphs. Does each such graph admit a 2-factorization with 2 (or less) components each of which has even length? (If not, does anyone know of an counter-example?)

Stated otherwise, each simple bridgeless cubic planar graph is either Hamiltonian or admits a 2-factorization each of which component has even length. Is there an upper bound of the number of components?