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Fedor Petrov
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Consider the following sum for $$f(z)=\sum (pz^l)^{n_1}(qz^{-1})^{n_2}=\frac1{(1-pz^l)(1-qz^{-1})}.$$$|z|=1$: $$f(z)=\sum z^{ln_1-n_2}p^{n_1}q^{n_2}=\sum (pz^l)^{n_1}(qz^{-1})^{n_2}=\frac1{(1-pz^l)(1-qz^{-1})}.$$ OurWe need only the terms with exponent of $z$ divisible by $k$, thus our sum isequals $\frac1k\sum_{z:z^k=1} f(z)$.

Consider the sum $$f(z)=\sum (pz^l)^{n_1}(qz^{-1})^{n_2}=\frac1{(1-pz^l)(1-qz^{-1})}.$$ Our sum is $\frac1k\sum_{z:z^k=1} f(z)$.

Consider the following sum for $|z|=1$: $$f(z)=\sum z^{ln_1-n_2}p^{n_1}q^{n_2}=\sum (pz^l)^{n_1}(qz^{-1})^{n_2}=\frac1{(1-pz^l)(1-qz^{-1})}.$$ We need only the terms with exponent of $z$ divisible by $k$, thus our sum equals $\frac1k\sum_{z:z^k=1} f(z)$.

Source Link
Fedor Petrov
  • 108.9k
  • 9
  • 264
  • 459

Consider the sum $$f(z)=\sum (pz^l)^{n_1}(qz^{-1})^{n_2}=\frac1{(1-pz^l)(1-qz^{-1})}.$$ Our sum is $\frac1k\sum_{z:z^k=1} f(z)$.