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Thurston's 1982 article on three-dimensional manifolds¹ ends with $24$ "open questions":

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[![WPT24][1]][1]
      $\cdots$
[![WPT24th][2]][2]

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Two naive questions from an outsider: (1) Have all $24$ now been resolved? (2) If so, were they all resolved in his lifetime?

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> ¹Thurston, William P. "Three dimensional manifolds, Kleinian groups and hyperbolic geometry." *Bull. Amer. Math. Soc*, 6.3 (1982). Also: In *Proc. Sympos. Pure Math*, vol. 39, pp. 87-111. 1983. [Citseer PDF download link](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.535.7618&rep=rep1&type=pdf).

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Answered by Ian Agol, Andy Putnam, and Igor Rivin. Ian: "Problems 1-18 have been completely answered....Problems 19-24 are more open-ended," and difficult to declare "all settled" (as emphasized by YCor). But, as Andy says, "with the exception of problem 23." Back to Ian: "One can imagine, however, a complete and satisfactory answer eventually to question 23."

Thurston's 1982 article on three-dimensional manifolds¹ ends with $24$ "open questions":

---

[![WPT24][1]][1]
      $\cdots$
[![WPT24th][2]][2]

---

Two naive questions from an outsider: (1) Have all $24$ now been resolved? (2) If so, were they all resolved in his lifetime?

---

> ¹Thurston, William P. "Three dimensional manifolds, Kleinian groups and hyperbolic geometry." *Bull. Amer. Math. Soc*, 6.3 (1982). Also: In *Proc. Sympos. Pure Math*, vol. 39, pp. 87-111. 1983. [Citseer PDF download link](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.535.7618&rep=rep1&type=pdf).

---

Answered by Ian Agol, Andy Putman, and Igor Rivin. Ian: "Problems 1-18 have been completely answered....Problems 19-24 are more open-ended," and difficult to declare "all settled" (as emphasized by YCor). But, as Andy says, "with the exception of problem 23." Back to Ian: "One can imagine, however, a complete and satisfactory answer eventually to question 23."

Thurston's 1982 article on three-dimensional manifolds¹ ends with $24$ "open questions":

---

[![WPT24][1]][1]
      $\cdots$
[![WPT24th][2]][2]

---

Two naive questions from an outsider: (1) Have all $24$ now been resolved? (2) If so, were they all resolved in his lifetime?

---

> ¹Thurston, William P. "Three dimensional manifolds, Kleinian groups and hyperbolic geometry." *Bull. Amer. Math. Soc*, 6.3 (1982). Also: In *Proc. Sympos. Pure Math*, vol. 39, pp. 87-111. 1983. [Citseer PDF download link](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.535.7618&rep=rep1&type=pdf).

---

Answered by Ian Agol, Andy Putnam, and Igor Rivin. Ian: "Problems 1-18 have been completely answered....Problems 19-24 are more open-ended," and difficult to declare fully "answered." But, as Andy says, "with the exception of problem 23." Back to Ian: "One can imagine, however, a complete and satisfactory answer eventually to question 23."

Thurston's 1982 article on three-dimensional manifolds¹ ends with $24$ "open questions":

---

[![WPT24][1]][1]
      $\cdots$
[![WPT24th][2]][2]

---

Two naive questions from an outsider: (1) Have all $24$ now been resolved? (2) If so, were they all resolved in his lifetime?

---

> ¹Thurston, William P. "Three dimensional manifolds, Kleinian groups and hyperbolic geometry." *Bull. Amer. Math. Soc*, 6.3 (1982). Also: In *Proc. Sympos. Pure Math*, vol. 39, pp. 87-111. 1983. [Citseer PDF download link](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.535.7618&rep=rep1&type=pdf).

---

Answered by Ian Agol, Andy Putnam, and Igor Rivin. Ian: "Problems 1-18 have been completely answered....Problems 19-24 are more open-ended," and difficult to declare "all settled" (as emphasized by YCor). But, as Andy says, "with the exception of problem 23." Back to Ian: "One can imagine, however, a complete and satisfactory answer eventually to question 23."

Thurston's 1982 article on three-dimensional manifolds¹ ends with $24$ "open questions":

---

[![WPT24][1]][1]
      $\cdots$
[![WPT24th][2]][2]

---

Two naive questions from an outsider: (1) Have all $24$ now been resolved? (2) If so, were they all resolved in his lifetime?

---

> ¹Thurston, William P. "Three dimensional manifolds, Kleinian groups and hyperbolic geometry." *Bull. Amer. Math. Soc*, 6.3 (1982). Also: In *Proc. Sympos. Pure Math*, vol. 39, pp. 87-111. 1983. [Citseer PDF download link](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.535.7618&rep=rep1&type=pdf).

Thurston's 1982 article on three-dimensional manifolds¹ ends with $24$ "open questions":

---

[![WPT24][1]][1]
      $\cdots$
[![WPT24th][2]][2]

---

Two naive questions from an outsider: (1) Have all $24$ now been resolved? (2) If so, were they all resolved in his lifetime?

---

> ¹Thurston, William P. "Three dimensional manifolds, Kleinian groups and hyperbolic geometry." *Bull. Amer. Math. Soc*, 6.3 (1982). Also: In *Proc. Sympos. Pure Math*, vol. 39, pp. 87-111. 1983. [Citseer PDF download link](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.535.7618&rep=rep1&type=pdf).

---

Answered by Ian Agol, Andy Putnam, and Igor Rivin. Ian: "Problems 1-18 have been completely answered....Problems 19-24 are more open-ended," and difficult to declare fully "answered." But, as Andy says, "with the exception of problem 23." Back to Ian: "One can imagine, however, a complete and satisfactory answer eventually to question 23."