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Jun 1, 2010 at 15:35 comment added BCnrd Victor, nice observation! The coset space $G/P$ always descends to a smooth proper scheme over the entirety of $\mathbf{Z}$, no hypotheses needed on the center. But proving that a scheme over $\mathbf{C}$ doesn't admit a descent to a smooth proper $\mathbf{Z}$-scheme seems to require more than verifying that a particular $\mathbf{Q}$-descent doesn't have everywhere good reduction. So is the rigorous proof of your surface example nonetheless easy?
May 31, 2010 at 4:22 comment added Victor Protsak Two important properties that $G/P$ homogeneous spaces have are (1) they are defined over $\mathbb{Z}$ and (2) they have good reduction everywhere (possibly, with modulo assumptions on the center of $G$). Already for del Pezzo surfaces obtained by blowing up a few points on $\mathbb{P}^2$, (2) fails.
May 31, 2010 at 0:20 comment added S. Carnahan That sounds like a correct reference, although I have never read the paper itself. I'm inclined to agree that the class of Fano varieties is itself far larger than the class of varieties of the form G/P, but I don't know any more adjectives (except "homogeneous" which is cheating) that narrow things down correctly.
May 30, 2010 at 22:07 comment added Jim Humphreys I guess this theorem comes from the two-part paper by Borel and Hirzebruch on homogeneous spaces and characteristic classes published in 1958-59? In any case, smooth projective varieties (or compact complex manifolds) of the form $G/P$ are scarce thanks to the Borel-Chevalley structure theory and the associated root system data. Even for smooth Schubert varieties, I'd expect few other than flag varieties to be of this form but can't quantify this.
May 30, 2010 at 18:05 history answered S. Carnahan CC BY-SA 2.5