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Feb 17, 2017 at 4:07 history edited Yasha Berchenko-Kogan CC BY-SA 3.0
added a reference
Feb 17, 2017 at 3:57 history edited Yasha Berchenko-Kogan CC BY-SA 3.0
added 53 characters in body
Feb 15, 2017 at 20:40 history edited Yasha Berchenko-Kogan CC BY-SA 3.0
corrected the formula by adding a factor of 1/6.
Feb 14, 2017 at 21:46 history edited Yasha Berchenko-Kogan CC BY-SA 3.0
added the higher dimensional generalization.
Feb 14, 2017 at 21:40 history edited Yasha Berchenko-Kogan CC BY-SA 3.0
added the higher dimensional generalization.
Feb 14, 2017 at 20:54 history edited Yasha Berchenko-Kogan CC BY-SA 3.0
replaced the proof that circle-valued smooth functions are dense in the Sobolev space with a citation.
Feb 14, 2017 at 20:43 comment added Yasha Berchenko-Kogan Tom Mrowka pointed me to a Schoen and Uhlenbeck paper that discusses this density issue. See section 4. There's also a recent paper whose introduction seems to provide a good overview of what's currently known about smooth approximation for general Sobolev maps between manifolds. In particular, smooth maps $C^\infty(M;N)$ between compact manifolds are indeed dense in the borderline Sobolev spaces $W^{1,n}(M;N)$, where $n=\dim M$. I'll update my answer to reflect this.
Feb 11, 2017 at 17:38 comment added Tim Carson The point about non-density of $C^{\infty}(D^2, S^1)$ in $W^{1,p}(D^2;S^1)$ is interesting. It seems that maybe the $C^{\infty}$ functions are dense in $W^{1,2}$, because of this degree argument. Intuitively, start with an approximating sequence $g_n$ of $C^{\infty}(D^2; \mathbb{C})$ functions and make them $S^1$ valued outside a disk of radius $(1/n)$. By the continuity of the integral you observed (applied to the small disk) you may argue that $g_n$ can be homotopic to a constant map in the small disk, and so they can be $S^1$ valued in the small disk as well.
Feb 11, 2017 at 17:05 history answered Yasha Berchenko-Kogan CC BY-SA 3.0