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Mar 13 at 1:23 comment added Will Sawin @dummy The results I was mentioning are summarized at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/… For the $296.277$ statement, the claim is that $\mathbb Q(\sqrt{-3 \cdot 5 \cdot 7 \cdot 11 \cdot 19})$ has infinite fundamental group. In the other direction, the theorem is that there are only finitely many fields with discriminant less than $(22.3-\epsilon)^n$, which implies that all such fields have finite fundamental group. All of this is discussed in Tours le corps de classes et estimation de discriminants by Martinet.
Mar 12 at 23:42 comment added dummy Is there a reference for the sentence "One property 𝐢 should have is that every number field of discriminant <𝐢𝑔, being parabolic, should have finite etale fundamental group. One knows this is true for 𝐢=22.3 and false for 𝐢=296.277 but not a precise optimal value of 𝐢."? Thanks!
Jan 15, 2017 at 18:56 vote accept Matthias Wendt
Dec 9, 2016 at 10:33 comment added Will Sawin @MatthiasWendt Cool. I am becoming increasingly convinced that one is supposed to investigate this via a Gauss-Bonnet type formula (or trace formula, or Kusnetsov formula). These should express the dimension of the cuspidal cohomology as a main term (the volume) plus secondary contributions - one from the cusps, one from each element of finite order in $SL_2(\mathcal O_{K})$, and one from the trivial representation. One expresses these all in terms of $\Delta_K$ and then tries to show that, for $\Delta_K$ sufficiently large, the main term dominates the error terms.
Dec 9, 2016 at 9:45 comment added Matthias Wendt Thanks, that's an interesting suggestion. It is in fact true for imaginary quadratic fields that there are only finitely many where the rational cohomology of $SL_2(\mathcal{O}_{K,S})$ is trivial.
Dec 8, 2016 at 11:16 history edited Will Sawin CC BY-SA 3.0
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Dec 8, 2016 at 11:11 history answered Will Sawin CC BY-SA 3.0