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Oct 17, 2016 at 14:36 comment added Jim Humphreys As Victor points out, it's fairly easy to give at least a qualitative description of the weights occurring: given any dominant highest weight $\lambda$, you get all weights in the convex hull of $W\lambda$ which lie in the same coset modulo the root lattice. In case $\lambda = 2\rho$ in high rank, the zero weight occurs at the center of the picture with a large multiplicity which is hard to calculate in isolation. In general, all weight multiplicities can be hard to determine here, except recursively.
Oct 16, 2016 at 12:46 history edited Allen Knutson CC BY-SA 3.0
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Oct 15, 2016 at 23:35 answer added Allen Knutson timeline score: 5
Oct 15, 2016 at 23:22 history edited Allen Knutson CC BY-SA 3.0
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Oct 14, 2016 at 13:00 comment added Victor Protsak If I understand the second question correctly, you are asking about the multiplicities of all weights. They can be described either in terms of the semistandard Young tableaux of shape $(2n-2,2n-4,\ldots,2) $ or the corresponding Gelfand-Tsetlin patterns. The weights themselves are considerably easier to describe: they are just all elements of the root lattice in the convex hull of $W (2\rho) $, where $W=S_n $ is the symmetric group.
Oct 14, 2016 at 13:00 comment added Jim Humphreys @Tobias: Apparently Freudenthal's method is still the basis for most computer calculations of weights, but it has the drawback of being highly recursive. In large ranks, the zero weight space is hard to reach that way for a regular highest weight such as $2\rho$..
Oct 14, 2016 at 12:55 comment added Jim Humphreys As far as I know it's difficult to say anything general about this. A couple of years ago I posted on my webpage some notes on the zero weight spaces, which include what I could find then in the literature: people.math.umass.edu/~jeh/pub/zero.pdf (But I haven't attempted any further computations of my own.) It's a reasonable-looking question for all Lie types, but little seems to be known in general about either the dimension or the full set of weights when the highest weight is $2\rho$ (though the zero weight space is definitely nonzero).
Oct 14, 2016 at 7:17 comment added Tobias Kildetoft It seems like this should be possible to calculate using Freudenthal's formula (see for example Theorem 22.3 in Humphreys' introductory book, which also has this as an exercise for the $n=3$ case). Not sure if there is some more direct way for this special case.
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Oct 14, 2016 at 5:57 history asked Jack CC BY-SA 3.0