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Olivier
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At least inIn the ordinary case, the argument is simple so let me recall it here.

The $p$-divisible group $J$ is an extension of an étale $p$-divisible group $J^{et}$ by a multiplicative $p$-divisible group $J^{m}$ and the Pontryagin dual $J^{et*}$ of $J^{et}$ is a free $\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}$-module of rank 1 by the ordinarity assumption. Assume in addition that $\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}$ is a Gorenstein ring. Then $\operatorname{Hom}(\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m},\mathbb Z_{p})/\mathfrak{m}\operatorname{Hom}(\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m},\mathbb Z_{p})$ is a $\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}/\mathfrak{m}\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}$-vector space of dimension 1 (here we use the fact that a ring $R$ is a Gorenstein ring if and only if its dualizing complex is concentrated in degree 0 and isomorphic to $R$).Then $J^{et}[\mathfrak m]$ is free of rank 1, by duality so is $J^{m*}[\mathfrak m]$ and finally $J[\mathfrak m]$ is a free $\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}$-module of rank 2.

Note that this does not require the fact that $\bar{\rho}_{\mathfrak m}$ is absolutely irreducible.

If $T_p$ belongs to $\mathfrak m$, the argument is more involved but Proposition (14.2) of Modular curves and the Eisenstein Ideal asserts that $J[\mathfrak m]$ is always of dimension 2 in that case (even without assuming $\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}$ to be Gorenstein).

So the question of the title definitely admits the answer yes and conversely for the question in the body of the text.

At least in the ordinary case, the argument is simple so let me recall it here.

The $p$-divisible group $J$ is an extension of an étale $p$-divisible group $J^{et}$ by a multiplicative $p$-divisible group $J^{m}$ and the Pontryagin dual $J^{et*}$ of $J^{et}$ is a free $\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}$-module of rank 1 by the ordinarity assumption. Assume in addition that $\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}$ is a Gorenstein ring. Then $\operatorname{Hom}(\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m},\mathbb Z_{p})/\mathfrak{m}\operatorname{Hom}(\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m},\mathbb Z_{p})$ is a $\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}/\mathfrak{m}\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}$-vector space of dimension 1 (here we use the fact that a ring $R$ is a Gorenstein ring if and only if its dualizing complex is concentrated in degree 0 and isomorphic to $R$).Then $J^{et}[\mathfrak m]$ is free of rank 1, by duality so is $J^{m*}[\mathfrak m]$ and finally $J[\mathfrak m]$ is a free $\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}$-module of rank 2.

Note that this does not require the fact that $\bar{\rho}_{\mathfrak m}$ is absolutely irreducible.

In the ordinary case, the argument is simple so let me recall it here.

The $p$-divisible group $J$ is an extension of an étale $p$-divisible group $J^{et}$ by a multiplicative $p$-divisible group $J^{m}$ and the Pontryagin dual $J^{et*}$ of $J^{et}$ is a free $\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}$-module of rank 1 by the ordinarity assumption. Assume in addition that $\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}$ is a Gorenstein ring. Then $\operatorname{Hom}(\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m},\mathbb Z_{p})/\mathfrak{m}\operatorname{Hom}(\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m},\mathbb Z_{p})$ is a $\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}/\mathfrak{m}\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}$-vector space of dimension 1 (here we use the fact that a ring $R$ is a Gorenstein ring if and only if its dualizing complex is concentrated in degree 0 and isomorphic to $R$).Then $J^{et}[\mathfrak m]$ is free of rank 1, by duality so is $J^{m*}[\mathfrak m]$ and finally $J[\mathfrak m]$ is a free $\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}$-module of rank 2.

Note that this does not require the fact that $\bar{\rho}_{\mathfrak m}$ is absolutely irreducible.

If $T_p$ belongs to $\mathfrak m$, the argument is more involved but Proposition (14.2) of Modular curves and the Eisenstein Ideal asserts that $J[\mathfrak m]$ is always of dimension 2 in that case (even without assuming $\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}$ to be Gorenstein).

So the question of the title definitely admits the answer yes and conversely for the question in the body of the text.

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Olivier
  • 10.9k
  • 1
  • 47
  • 70

At least in the ordinary case, the argument is simple so let me recall it here.

The $p$-divisible group $J$ is an extension of an étale $p$-divisible group $J^{et}$ by a multiplicative $p$-divisible group $J^{m}$ and the Pontryagin dual $J^{et*}$ of $J^{et}$ is a free $\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}$-module of rank 1 by the ordinarity assumption. Assume in addition that $\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}$ is a Gorenstein ring. Then $\operatorname{Hom}(\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m},\mathbb Z_{p})/\mathfrak{m}\operatorname{Hom}(\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m},\mathbb Z_{p})$ is a $\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}/\mathfrak{m}\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}$-vector space of dimension 1 (here we use the fact that a ring $R$ is a Gorenstein ring if and only if its dualizing complex is concentrated in degree 0 and isomorphic to $R$).Then $J^{et}[\mathfrak m]$ is free of rank 1, by duality so is $J^{m*}[\mathfrak m]$ and finally $J[\mathfrak m]$ is a free $\mathbb T_\mathfrak{m}$-module of rank 2.

Note that this does not require the fact that $\bar{\rho}_{\mathfrak m}$ is absolutely irreducible.