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Sep 9, 2016 at 16:51 vote accept James Propp
Sep 5, 2016 at 18:14 comment added James Propp Lucia is correct; I mis-characterized her reply. In any case, my search for information is fairly broad, so other regularization schemes would interest me as well (especially theorems that assert equality between the answers obtained from different regularization procedures).
Sep 5, 2016 at 18:07 comment added Lucia I don't think I'm pointing out the zeta function regularization (although of course one could study that too) -- in my answer I was describing just the Abel regularization of the original question.
Sep 5, 2016 at 17:59 comment added James Propp Put $|S|_s = \sum_{n \in S} n^{-s}$ (where $S$ is a set of positive integers). Then Lucia is pointing out that the behavior of $|S|_s - |T|_s$ as $s \rightarrow 0$ is also a natural way to measure the difference in size between $S$ and $T$. When $S=\{1,3,5,\dots\}$ and $T=\{2,4,6,\dots\}$, one has $|S|_s - |T|_s \rightarrow 1/2$ as $s \rightarrow 0$ (see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirichlet_eta_function); I would be interested in knowing what zeta-regularization yields for the other pairs of sets described in the original post.
Sep 4, 2016 at 4:31 history answered Lucia CC BY-SA 3.0