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May 14, 2010 at 21:55 vote accept tortortor
May 12, 2010 at 23:45 comment added Joel David Hamkins Yes, that's it. I should have said that the existence of a counterexample to your correspondence is equivalent to the existence of a real-valued measurable cardinal.
May 12, 2010 at 23:31 comment added tortortor Thank you very much for the fast answer. If I understand correctly: What I called a "state" can be obtained from any real valued measure. Such a measure may exist for P(X) (with X continuum) but only in violation of the Continuum Hypothesis etc. But even if we assume the existence of such measures, the correspondence to the functions (in my sense) on X can no longer hold, as all such measures must assign zero to singletons?
May 12, 2010 at 18:41 comment added Joel David Hamkins Yes, I agree, and I was writing the explanation in the meantime.
May 12, 2010 at 18:40 history edited Joel David Hamkins CC BY-SA 2.5
added 1620 characters in body; added 423 characters in body
May 12, 2010 at 18:29 comment added Gerald Edgar But of course the OP is asking about real-valued measurable cardinals. Even if their existence may be equiconsistent with 2-valued measurable cardinals, still real-valued measurable cardinals need not be "large" ... In fact the most interesting universe is one where $\mathbb{R}$ itself admits a real-valued measure on its power set. (Ulam showed that $\aleph_1$ is not real-valued measurable.)
May 12, 2010 at 18:13 history answered Joel David Hamkins CC BY-SA 2.5