The problem here does not lie in the mathematics but in my reading capapabilities. In fact, the correct Theorem 2.24 says
If $\chi \in \text{Irr}(B)$ is real-valued, then there are at most two real-valued irreducible Brauer characters which are constituents of $\widehat{\chi} = \chi\mid_{G_{p'}}$ and which are also real-valued.
For such a character $\varphi$ we have ${\varphi}^* = \varphi$ and this is exactly what is used in 6.