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Jul 10, 2017 at 21:04 history edited Tony Huynh
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Dec 9, 2016 at 7:55 history edited Vepir CC BY-SA 3.0
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Dec 9, 2016 at 7:43 vote accept Vepir
May 7, 2016 at 17:12 answer added usul timeline score: 7
May 7, 2016 at 14:29 comment added Manfred Weis What is the outcome of the weighting, a numerical value or a decision, which of two sets of the balls is heavier? In the classical version of the puzzle it is just a comparison of weights. If in your version the outcome is a precise weight, then the complexity might also depend on the properties of the weights, i.e. whether the heavier ones weigh an integral, rational or irrational multiple of the lighter ones.
May 6, 2016 at 21:23 answer added Tony Huynh timeline score: 7
May 6, 2016 at 17:57 comment added Terry Tao You can improve this bound asymptotically by a factor of two using Shannon entropy. We can assume (for the purposes of lower bounds) that the heavy/light distribution is uniform, so the Shannon entropy is $\log_2 \binom{2n}{n} \sim 2n$. Each measurement actually has an entropy of at most $\sim \frac{1}{2} \log_2 n$ due to concentration of measure (the answer is concentrated in a region of width about $\sqrt{n}$). This gives an asymptotic lower bound of $4n/\log_2 n$.
May 6, 2016 at 16:43 comment added Emil Jeřábek A simple lower bound: each weighting has at most $2n+1$ possible outcomes, hence you need at least $\left(\log\binom{2n}{n}\right)/\log(2n+1)\sim2n/\log_2n$ weightings.
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May 6, 2016 at 16:27 history asked Vepir CC BY-SA 3.0