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Joel David Hamkins
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This absolutenessFirst, let me remark that in your question, you can combine AC and CH together, rather than having two separate conservation results as you did. In fact, you can ramp CH up to GCH and more, including such principles as $\Diamond$ or others, without any problem. That is, the conservation result is that ZFC + GCH proves $\varphi$ if and only if ZF proves $\varphi$, for a large class of statements $\varphi$, including the arithmetic statements, as you mentioned, but much more.

The phenomenon extends completely up the hyperarithmetic hierarchy and beyond, beyond even the analytic sentences up into the projective hiearchary at the level of $\Sigma^1_2$. (In this hiearchy, the hyperarithmetic statements are $\Delta^1_1$ and the analytic statements $\Sigma^1_1$.)

This absoluteness result is the content of the Shoenfield Absoluteness TheoremShoenfield Absoluteness Theorem, which asserts that any $\Sigma^1_2$ statement is absolute between between any two transitive models of set theory $V\subset W$ having the same ordinals. In particular, a $\Sigma^1_2$ statement holds in the universe if and only if it holds in the constructible universe $L$, where both AC and GCH hold.

Thus, the $\Sigma^1_2$ statements provable in ZFC+GCH are the same as those provable in ZF.

This absoluteness phenomenon extends completely up the hyperarithmetic hierarchy and beyond, beyond even the analytic sentences up into the projective hiearchary at the level of $\Sigma^1_2$. (In this hiearchy, the hyperarithmetic statements are $\Delta^1_1$ and the analytic statements $\Sigma^1_1$.)

This absoluteness result is the content of the Shoenfield Absoluteness Theorem, which asserts that any $\Sigma^1_2$ statement is absolute between between any two transitive models of set theory $V\subset W$ having the same ordinals. In particular, a $\Sigma^1_2$ statement holds in the universe if and only if it holds in the constructible universe $L$, where both AC and GCH hold.

Thus, the $\Sigma^1_2$ statements provable in ZFC+GCH are the same as those provable in ZF.

First, let me remark that in your question, you can combine AC and CH together, rather than having two separate conservation results as you did. In fact, you can ramp CH up to GCH and more, including such principles as $\Diamond$ or others, without any problem. That is, the conservation result is that ZFC + GCH proves $\varphi$ if and only if ZF proves $\varphi$, for a large class of statements $\varphi$, including the arithmetic statements, as you mentioned, but much more.

The phenomenon extends completely up the hyperarithmetic hierarchy and beyond, beyond even the analytic sentences up into the projective hiearchary at the level of $\Sigma^1_2$. (In this hiearchy, the hyperarithmetic statements are $\Delta^1_1$ and the analytic statements $\Sigma^1_1$.)

This absoluteness result is the content of the Shoenfield Absoluteness Theorem, which asserts that any $\Sigma^1_2$ statement is absolute between between any two transitive models of set theory $V\subset W$ having the same ordinals. In particular, a $\Sigma^1_2$ statement holds in the universe if and only if it holds in the constructible universe $L$, where both AC and GCH hold.

Thus, the $\Sigma^1_2$ statements provable in ZFC+GCH are the same as those provable in ZF.

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Joel David Hamkins
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TheThis absoluteness phenomenon extends completely up the hyperarithmetic hierarchy and beyond, includingbeyond even the analytic sentences, up into the projective hiearchary at the level of $\Sigma^1_2$. (In this hiearchy, the hyperarithmetic statements are $\Delta^1_1$ and the analytic statements $\Sigma^1_1$.)

This absoluteness result is because the content of the Shoenfield Absoluteness Theorem, which asserts that any $\Sigma^1_2$ statement is absolute between between any two transitive models of set theory $V\subset W$ having the same ordinals. In particular, a $\Sigma^1_2$ statement holds in the universe if and only if it holds in the constructible universe $L$, where both AC and GCH hold. 

Thus, the $\Sigma^1_2$ statements provable in ZFC+GCH are the same as those provable in ZF.

The phenomenon extends completely up the hyperarithmetic hierarchy and beyond, including analytic sentences, up into the projective hiearchary at the level of $\Sigma^1_2$. This is because the Shoenfield Absoluteness Theorem asserts that any $\Sigma^1_2$ statement is absolute between between any two models of set theory $V\subset W$ having the same ordinals. In particular, a $\Sigma^1_2$ statement holds in the universe if and only if it holds in the constructible universe $L$, where both AC and GCH hold. Thus, the $\Sigma^1_2$ statements provable in ZFC+GCH are the same as those provable in ZF.

This absoluteness phenomenon extends completely up the hyperarithmetic hierarchy and beyond, beyond even the analytic sentences up into the projective hiearchary at the level of $\Sigma^1_2$. (In this hiearchy, the hyperarithmetic statements are $\Delta^1_1$ and the analytic statements $\Sigma^1_1$.)

This absoluteness result is the content of the Shoenfield Absoluteness Theorem, which asserts that any $\Sigma^1_2$ statement is absolute between between any two transitive models of set theory $V\subset W$ having the same ordinals. In particular, a $\Sigma^1_2$ statement holds in the universe if and only if it holds in the constructible universe $L$, where both AC and GCH hold. 

Thus, the $\Sigma^1_2$ statements provable in ZFC+GCH are the same as those provable in ZF.

Source Link
Joel David Hamkins
  • 236.3k
  • 44
  • 777
  • 1.4k

The phenomenon extends completely up the hyperarithmetic hierarchy and beyond, including analytic sentences, up into the projective hiearchary at the level of $\Sigma^1_2$. This is because the Shoenfield Absoluteness Theorem asserts that any $\Sigma^1_2$ statement is absolute between between any two models of set theory $V\subset W$ having the same ordinals. In particular, a $\Sigma^1_2$ statement holds in the universe if and only if it holds in the constructible universe $L$, where both AC and GCH hold. Thus, the $\Sigma^1_2$ statements provable in ZFC+GCH are the same as those provable in ZF.