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Jan 29, 2016 at 4:43 comment added Honglu Let us continue this discussion in chat.
Jan 29, 2016 at 0:53 comment added Will Sawin @Honglu check this answer : )
Jan 29, 2016 at 0:12 comment added Honglu Right. That multiplicity bound is wrong. I just spelled out that proof from a picture I drew... But my point was that the intersection number of $C$ with exceptional divisor is pretty much the number (probably minus one?) that contribute to the decreasing of genus. But I couldn't find a handy reference to write a precise formula. Anyway, I'm really looking forward to see you argument with blowing up just two points!
Jan 29, 2016 at 0:01 history edited Will Sawin CC BY-SA 3.0
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Jan 28, 2016 at 23:11 comment added Will Sawin @Honglu I don't understand your multiplicity bound - I think $y^n- x^{n+1}$ becomes smooth when you blow up - but I see a way to do it just with intersection theory. Think it works already for blowing up 2 points, which I guess would be toric. I'll write that up soon.
Jan 28, 2016 at 22:41 comment added Honglu Notice the intersection of $\overline C$ and the line is at least $\sum e_i$. So the arithmetic genus of $\overline C$ is at least $(\sum e_i-1)(\sum e_i-2)/2$. But the geometric genus of it is $0$. However, the difference between arithmetic genus and geometric genus can be calculated at the singularities $\{p_i\}$. Each of them should contribute a multiple of $e_i$ (forgot the formula). The point is, the difference between arithmetic/geometric genus should be linear in terms of $\sum e_i$. If $n$ is sufficiently large, it may not be possible. @Will Sawin
Jan 28, 2016 at 22:41 comment added Honglu I think it's not true for blow-ups of $\mathbb P^2$. Let's blow up n points $p_1,…,p_n$ that are collinear in $X:=\mathbb P^2$ to get $\tilde X$. Let $E_1,\dotsc,E_n$ be the corresponding exceptional curves. Let $C\subset \tilde X$ be a smooth very ample rational curve. Its image in $X$ (denoted by $\overline C$) is a rational curve passing through $\{pi\}$. Each component near $\{p_i\}$ has multiplicity at most $2$. Since $C$ is very ample, $C$ must intersect each $E_i$ (say their intersection number is $e_i$).
Jan 28, 2016 at 20:22 comment added Will Sawin @Honglu My suspicion is yes because the equation $D \cdot D + D \cdot K = -2$ becomes easier to solve when the Picard rank gets larger. But I don't know how to check which solutions are very ample.
Jan 28, 2016 at 20:15 comment added Honglu Thanks. So the condition in the question is really strong even for surfaces. I'm also curious about whether it's true for rational surface. But it looks subtle even for blow-ups of $\mathbb P^2$.
Jan 28, 2016 at 16:56 history answered Will Sawin CC BY-SA 3.0