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Apr 29, 2010 at 4:54 comment added Tom Church For those not familiar with Hurwitz's theorem, it says that the 84(g-1) here is the maximal number of automorphisms of a curve of genus g. This bound can be pushed down to 12(g-1) using the fact that the (2,2,2,3) orbifold, with area pi/3, has the smallest area of any non-triangular hyperbolic orbifold. Thus any curve with more than 15% of the possible number of automorphisms is defined over a number field.
Apr 29, 2010 at 4:52 comment added naf The point of Belyi's theorem is that a curve defined over a number field is a cover of P^1 ramified over only three points. The converse is essentially trivial (assuming elementary algebraic geometry).
Apr 29, 2010 at 4:45 comment added Jonah Sinick Thanks! I'm still curious about other questions connected with my original one. (For example, does the presence of any extra automorphisms whatsoever imply that the curve is defined over a number field?)
Apr 29, 2010 at 4:43 vote accept Jonah Sinick
Apr 29, 2010 at 3:52 history answered S. Carnahan CC BY-SA 2.5