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Gerry Myerson
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Linderholm's book, Mathematics Made Difficult, is full of this sort of thing. These samples might give you the idea:

  1. Proposition. If you can add, you can count.

Proof. In counting with the additive monoid $N_0$, we start at $0$; after saying $n$, we say $n+1$. Thus, we already have a counting system. $$n\mapsto n+1\qquad\{0\}\hookrightarrow N_0\rightarrow N_0.$$ But having a counting system is not enough. What you must have in order to assure success in all your counting endeavours is a real, true, initial counting system. So let $$\{x\}\hookrightarrow X\rightarrow^{\!\!\!\!\!\!f}X$$ be any counting system. The set of all functions $$X\rightarrow X$$ is easily verified to be a monoid $\cal X$. Hence there is a unique monoid homomorphism $$N_0\rightarrow{\cal X}$$ sending $$1\mapsto f;$$ which is written $$n\mapsto f^n.$$ Now it is possible to define a mapping $$N_0\rightarrow X$$ by writing $$n\mapsto f^n(x)$$

  1. I assert that every number other than $1$ and $-1$ has indeed got a prime factor. Since the number $n$ in question is not a unit, the set of its multiples $${\frak a}=\{xn:x\in z\}$$ is not all of $Z$. Consider the class $\cal I$ of all proper ideals of $Z$ containing $\frak a$ as a subset; the set-inclusion relation $\subset$ makes $\cal I$ a partially ordered set. Now consider any subclass of $\cal I$ with the property that if $\frak b$, ${\frak c}\in{\cal C}$ then either ${\frak b}\subset{\frak c}$ or ${\frak c}\subset{\frak b}$; the union of $\cal C$ is trivially a proper ideal of $Z$ containing as a subset every ideal of $\cal C$ and also containing $\frak a$ as a subset. By Zorn's Lemma, a proper ideal $\frak m$ of $Z$ exists that is maximal with respect to the property of being a proper ideal of $Z$ containing $\frak a$ as a subset. Hence $\frak m$ is maximal with respect to the property of being a proper ideal; and hence is a prime ideal.

Now, in the ring $Z$ every ideal has a generator. The generator of a prime ideal is prime; since $n$ is in this ideal, we are done.

Linderholm's book, Mathematics Made Difficult, is full of this sort of thing.

Linderholm's book, Mathematics Made Difficult, is full of this sort of thing. These samples might give you the idea:

  1. Proposition. If you can add, you can count.

Proof. In counting with the additive monoid $N_0$, we start at $0$; after saying $n$, we say $n+1$. Thus, we already have a counting system. $$n\mapsto n+1\qquad\{0\}\hookrightarrow N_0\rightarrow N_0.$$ But having a counting system is not enough. What you must have in order to assure success in all your counting endeavours is a real, true, initial counting system. So let $$\{x\}\hookrightarrow X\rightarrow^{\!\!\!\!\!\!f}X$$ be any counting system. The set of all functions $$X\rightarrow X$$ is easily verified to be a monoid $\cal X$. Hence there is a unique monoid homomorphism $$N_0\rightarrow{\cal X}$$ sending $$1\mapsto f;$$ which is written $$n\mapsto f^n.$$ Now it is possible to define a mapping $$N_0\rightarrow X$$ by writing $$n\mapsto f^n(x)$$

  1. I assert that every number other than $1$ and $-1$ has indeed got a prime factor. Since the number $n$ in question is not a unit, the set of its multiples $${\frak a}=\{xn:x\in z\}$$ is not all of $Z$. Consider the class $\cal I$ of all proper ideals of $Z$ containing $\frak a$ as a subset; the set-inclusion relation $\subset$ makes $\cal I$ a partially ordered set. Now consider any subclass of $\cal I$ with the property that if $\frak b$, ${\frak c}\in{\cal C}$ then either ${\frak b}\subset{\frak c}$ or ${\frak c}\subset{\frak b}$; the union of $\cal C$ is trivially a proper ideal of $Z$ containing as a subset every ideal of $\cal C$ and also containing $\frak a$ as a subset. By Zorn's Lemma, a proper ideal $\frak m$ of $Z$ exists that is maximal with respect to the property of being a proper ideal of $Z$ containing $\frak a$ as a subset. Hence $\frak m$ is maximal with respect to the property of being a proper ideal; and hence is a prime ideal.

Now, in the ring $Z$ every ideal has a generator. The generator of a prime ideal is prime; since $n$ is in this ideal, we are done.

Post Made Community Wiki by Ben Webster
Source Link
Gerry Myerson
  • 39.9k
  • 10
  • 186
  • 247

Linderholm's book, Mathematics Made Difficult, is full of this sort of thing.