Building on previous work by Paul Libois, and related to work by Libois' student Jean van Buggenhaut from 1969, Francis BeukenhoutBuekenhout considered and solved this question in "Foundations of one Dimensional Projective Geometry based on Perspectivities" Abhandlungen aus dem Mathematischen Seminar der Universität Hamburg 43 (1975) 21-29. Note that his approach also adapts to lines in Moufang planes. See also F. Buekenhout and A. Cohen Diagram geometry Springer 2013, Section 6.2 Projective lines.