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Correct typo and gap noted by OP
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Noam D. Elkies
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Q1: Yes. Any acute non-isosceles triangle can be tiled by three pairwise incongruent isosceles triangles, by connecting each vertex to the circumcenter. Start from some isosceles $T_0$ with repeated side $s$; inscribe $T_0$ into a larger triangle $T_1$ such that $T_0 - T_1$$T_1 - T_0$ is the union of three acute, non-isosceles triangles with circumradii distinct from each other and from $s$; likewise inscribe $T_1$ into $T_2$, and $T_2$ into $T_3$, etc., tiling the complement of $T_0$ with ever-larger acute, non-isosceles triangles with with all circumradii pairwise distinct and different from $s$. Now connect each of these triangles' vertices to its circumcenter to obtain a tiling of the plane by isosceles triangles any two of which have distinct repeated sides, and thus a fortiori are not congruent, QEF.

[Joseph O'Rourke asks how to find $T_k$ so that the three components of $T_k-T_{k-1}$ are acute and avoid circmuradius coincidences. One way is to deform the triangle, call it $T'_k$, each of whose sides contains a vertex of $T_{k-1}$ and is parallel to the opposite side of $T_{k-1}$ (so $T_{k-1}$ is the median triangle of $T'_k$). Then each component of $T'_k - T_{k-1}$ is congruent to $T_{k-1}$, and thus acute. Now form $T_k$ by slightly moving each vertex of $T'_k$, keeping all angles acute but removing any coincidences among the circumradii and $s$. While you're at it, you can make sure that none of the angles is $30^\circ$ if you don't accept an equilateral triangle as isosceles.]

Q1: Yes. Any acute non-isosceles triangle can be tiled by three pairwise incongruent isosceles triangles, by connecting each vertex to the circumcenter. Start from some isosceles $T_0$ with repeated side $s$; inscribe $T_0$ into a larger triangle $T_1$ such that $T_0 - T_1$ is the union of three acute, non-isosceles triangles with circumradii distinct from each other and from $s$; likewise inscribe $T_1$ into $T_2$, and $T_2$ into $T_3$, etc., tiling the complement of $T_0$ with ever-larger acute, non-isosceles triangles with all circumradii pairwise distinct and different from $s$. Now connect each of these triangles' vertices to its circumcenter to obtain a tiling of the plane by isosceles triangles any two of which have distinct repeated sides, and thus a fortiori are not congruent, QEF.

Q1: Yes. Any acute non-isosceles triangle can be tiled by three pairwise incongruent isosceles triangles, by connecting each vertex to the circumcenter. Start from some isosceles $T_0$ with repeated side $s$; inscribe $T_0$ into a larger triangle $T_1$ such that $T_1 - T_0$ is the union of three acute, non-isosceles triangles with circumradii distinct from each other and from $s$; likewise inscribe $T_1$ into $T_2$, and $T_2$ into $T_3$, etc., tiling the complement of $T_0$ with ever-larger acute, non-isosceles triangles with all circumradii pairwise distinct and different from $s$. Now connect each of these triangles' vertices to its circumcenter to obtain a tiling of the plane by isosceles triangles any two of which have distinct repeated sides, and thus a fortiori are not congruent, QEF.

[Joseph O'Rourke asks how to find $T_k$ so that the three components of $T_k-T_{k-1}$ are acute and avoid circmuradius coincidences. One way is to deform the triangle, call it $T'_k$, each of whose sides contains a vertex of $T_{k-1}$ and is parallel to the opposite side of $T_{k-1}$ (so $T_{k-1}$ is the median triangle of $T'_k$). Then each component of $T'_k - T_{k-1}$ is congruent to $T_{k-1}$, and thus acute. Now form $T_k$ by slightly moving each vertex of $T'_k$, keeping all angles acute but removing any coincidences among the circumradii and $s$. While you're at it, you can make sure that none of the angles is $30^\circ$ if you don't accept an equilateral triangle as isosceles.]

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Noam D. Elkies
  • 79.9k
  • 15
  • 281
  • 376

Q1: Yes. Any acute non-isosceles triangle can be tiled by three pairwise incongruent isosceles triangles, by connecting each vertex to the circumcenter. Start from some isosceles $T_0$ with repeated side $s$; inscribe $T_0$ into a larger triangle $T_1$ such that $T_0 - T_1$ is the union of three acute, non-isosceles triangles with circumradii distinct from each other and from $s$; likewise inscribe $T_1$ into $T_2$, and $T_2$ into $T_3$, etc., tiling the complement of $T_0$ with ever-larger acute, non-isosceles triangles with all circumradii pairwise distinct and different from $s$. Now connect each of these triangles' vertices to its circumcenter to obtain a tiling of the plane by isosceles triangles any two of which have distinct repeated sides, and thus a fortiori are not congruent, QEF.