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Sep 26, 2015 at 18:09 comment added Amir Asghari @LeeMosher Please see my comment above
Sep 26, 2015 at 18:08 comment added Amir Asghari @René Indeed, my conclusion was not just based on a few paragraphs I mentioned above. It was based on my previous reading of Khayyam. Tying algebra to geometry costed him and progress of mathematics a lot (about five hundred years for the latter).
Sep 26, 2015 at 17:27 comment added R.P. I think we must not dismiss beforehand the possibility that philosophical beliefs can stand in the way of mathematical progress. It is also not really a forceful argument that Khayyam's way of thinking somehow lines up with modern-day topology: after all, Khayyam wasn't doing topology, he was doing algebra. But other than that I agree with you: the above does not convince me that Khayyam's meta-mathematical thinking prevented him from making progress that he might "otherwise" have made.
Sep 26, 2015 at 16:33 comment added Lee Mosher I do not necessarily agree with the concluding sentence of this answer nor with the comment of @Joël. Instead, Khayyam's intelligence led him to pose and to seriously ponder an extremely important mathematical/geometric question which is quite close to issues we discuss in modern geometry and topology: What is the product of a surface with itself? It is rather ahistorical to suggest that his philosophical beliefs impeded the solution. What future historians might laugh at our "philosophical" inability to solve the P=NP conjecture?
Sep 26, 2015 at 13:21 comment added R.P. Indeed interesting. It is intriguing to see how long it took even the greatest minds to treat algebra as independent of geometry. Even in as late a mathematician as François Viète (late 16th century), we find a very determined attempt to reconcile a sophisticated algebraic theory with a "dimensionalized" number system. I guess that, for a long time, what we call the number line was the most powerful source for producing numbers, and then of course the numbers did come with their own specific dimension.
Sep 26, 2015 at 12:16 history edited Amir Asghari CC BY-SA 3.0
Complete the answer.
Sep 26, 2015 at 3:22 comment added Joël Interesting. Especially in comparison with René's post, which shows that Diophantus' point of view is closer to the modern one.
Sep 25, 2015 at 22:49 history answered Amir Asghari CC BY-SA 3.0