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Nov 18, 2016 at 21:03 comment added Andreas Blass @Nullachtfünfzehn I had always assumed that Gödel intended "occur" to mean "are mentioned explicitly", but This was just an assumption and he might well have meant something more subtle.
Nov 17, 2016 at 17:15 comment added user99916 I agree, and find it strange that Gödel asserted that this in fact causes incompleteness. Another question: Gödel said: "whereas in every formal system at most denumerably many types occur". How do you interpret this? Did he mean that every formal system has a countable model (in the sense proven by Löwenheim and Skolem)?
Nov 16, 2016 at 16:28 comment added Andreas Blass @Nullachtfünfzehn I don't think our ability to strengthen $T$ to $T^+$ (or, more accurately, the existence of $T^+$, never mind our abilities) causes incompleteness of $T$. I'd rather interpret Gödel's remark epistemologically: The existence of $T^+$ helps us to understand what's going on with undecidable sentences (specifically with Gödel's "I am unprovable" example). These sentences express, in the language of $T$, some of the additional information that becomes available when we adopt stronger theories like $T^+$.
Nov 16, 2016 at 15:20 comment added user99916 And in what sense does the fact that we can strengthen a theory $T$ to a higher type system $T^{+}$ (in which we for example can prove that $T$ is consistent) cause the incompleteness of $T$? I am just curious, since Gödel speaks about this as the "reason of the incompleteness of formal systems".
Jul 9, 2015 at 17:08 history answered Andreas Blass CC BY-SA 3.0