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Jun 4, 2015 at 15:09 comment added tdw I agree! I had forgotten what Jurkat and van Horne had proved. I guess the numerics are misleading for small N.
Jun 4, 2015 at 13:29 comment added Lucia @tdw: Dear Trevor, From the works ofJurkat and van Horne and Marklof, the quadratic Weyl sums have a distribution that is not Gaussian. So the constant in the moments, I don't think needs to match your conjecture. The constant they get is by averaging moments of a theta function over a fundamental domain. It is possible that for the first moment this could evaluate to your conjectured value, but I don't see why. In any case, the distribution is not Gaussian, which seems quite different from other powers. Am I missing something?
Jun 4, 2015 at 10:37 comment added tdw The answer is conjectured to be $\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\pi} \sqrt{N}$, and the numerical evidence seems to support this conjecture (see the cited paper of Vaughan and Wooley). The situation is not different for squares versus higher powers for the first moment. The differences appear for fourth moments, since the major arc contribution takes over for squares at the fourth moment, and this has a logarithmic factor.
Jun 3, 2015 at 6:25 vote accept Kurisuto Asutora
Jun 2, 2015 at 16:43 history answered Lucia CC BY-SA 3.0