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Feb 4, 2015 at 10:30 comment added user40023 @Martin A well-known an plausible conjecture of Landau (and many others) says that $x^2 + 1$ is a prime number for infinitely many integers $x$. This implies that the lower bound is $0$ steps, since $p = x^2 + 1$ is already a sum of two squares and $x^2 \equiv -1 \bmod p$.
Feb 2, 2015 at 12:36 comment added Martin In the example above this bound would be $6$, whereas the exact number of steps is $3$, so this is a bit too rough. Also, I am more interested in a lower bound.
Feb 1, 2015 at 0:36 comment added P.E. Dear joro: Thanks for spotting that. It's now fixed.
Feb 1, 2015 at 0:35 history edited P.E. CC BY-SA 3.0
added 12 characters in body
Jan 31, 2015 at 13:04 comment added joro Why x/p? x<p, so the log_2() is negative.
Jan 31, 2015 at 4:36 history answered P.E. CC BY-SA 3.0