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Dec 18, 2014 at 23:26 comment added David Roberts @MichalR.Przybylek - I've gotten my hands on some lecture notes of Joyal from 1974. His definition of arithmetic universe at that point is a pretopos such that there are free internal categories on internal graphs. Maietti's definition (pretopos with parameterised list objects) implies Joyal's definition.
Dec 16, 2014 at 4:03 comment added David Roberts @Michal fair enough, I know the history of these ideas is convoluted...
Dec 15, 2014 at 22:41 comment added Michal R. Przybylek Thanks, David, I'll take a look into the paper. But, anyway, I think it was Jean Benabou who first introduced the notion of an internal topos (BTW: I meant JEAN Benabou, of course. I can't believe I've written John. Shame on me...)
Dec 15, 2014 at 22:35 comment added David Roberts @Michal Joyal's definition has never been published or even circulated, so I can only point to work of Maietti (published in Theory and Appl. of Categories) and Paul (see link in his answer below). An internal topos is a model of the finite limit theory of toposes (I take the axioms to be pullbacks, Cartesian closed, subobject classifier, NNO, all given by specified operations). This is probably the same as what is in Problemes dans les topos, I don't have it in front of me.
Dec 15, 2014 at 12:59 comment added Michal R. Przybylek David, what do you mean by "arithmetic universe" defined by Joyal? And what is your definition of an "internal topos"? Are your definitions of arithmetic universe and internal topos the same as given by John Benabou (and later described in "Problemes dans les topos")?
Dec 15, 2014 at 8:38 answer added Paul Taylor timeline score: 8
Dec 15, 2014 at 8:36 comment added François G. Dorais An (elementary) boolean topos with nno is certainly able to construct the initial model of an essentially algebraic theory. Note that this model may be degenerate (equal to the terminal model) even if this is not true for the same theory in the real world. Booleanness shouldn't be that essential. Some parts of the classical theory rely on symbols of languages being distinguishable from each other but I don't think that's essential in this case.
Dec 15, 2014 at 5:42 history edited David Roberts CC BY-SA 3.0
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Dec 15, 2014 at 5:34 history asked David Roberts CC BY-SA 3.0