For any finite set of axioms K of ZFC, ZFC proves "K has a model", via the reflection principle as you note. However, ZFC does not prove "for any finite set of axioms K of ZFC, K has a model". The distinction between these two is what prevents ZFC from proving that ZFC has a model.
(That is, even though, as you note, ZFC proves "if every finite set of axioms K of ZFC has a model, then ZFC has a model", as ZFC proves compactness, it does not follow that ZFC proves the consequent of this implication, as in fact ZFC does not prove the antecedent; ZFC only proves each particular instance of the antecedent, but not the universal statement itself.)