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Lifting a quadratic system to a non vanishing-vanishing vector field on $S^{3}$ or $T^{1} S^{2}$

Let $P:S^{3}\to S^{2}$ be the Hopf fibration. For a vector field $X$ on $S^{2}$ there is a non vanishing-vanishing vector field $\tilde{X}$ on $S^{3}$ such that $DP(\tilde{X})=X$. It is constructed in two steps:

  1. (I thank D. Panazzolo for this first step) We choose a 2-dimensional subbundle $E$ of $TS^{3}$ which is transverse to one-dimensional $\ker DP$. Then $DP:E_{x}\to T_{P(x)}S^{2} $ is a linear isomorphism. Then $DP^{-1}(X)$ is a tangent vector field on $S^{3}$ which vanishes on $P^{-1}(\text{singularities of X})$

  2. We choose a non-vanishing vector field $Z$ on $S^{3}$ tangent to the Hopf fibration. Then $\tilde{X}=DP^{-1}(X)+Z$ is the desired vector field. In fact $\tilde{X}$ gives us a one-dimensional foliation of $S^{3}$ whose leaves are mapped by $P$ to the solutions of $X$ on $S^{2}$.

1)(I thank D. Panazzolo for this first step) We choose[Edit: I just realize that a 2 dim subbundle $E$combination of $TS^{3}$ which is transverse to one dimensional $\ker DP$. Then $DP:E_{x}\to T_{P(x)}S^{2} $ is a linear isomorphism. Then $DP^{-1}(X)$ is a tangent vector field on $S^{3}$ which vanish on $P^{-1}(\text{singularities of X})$

the above 2)We chose a non vanishing vector field $Z$ on $S^{3}$ tangent to the Hopf fibration. Then $\tilde{X}=DP^{-1}(X)+Z$ steps is the desired vector field. In fact $\tilde{X}$ gives us a one dimensional foliation of $S^{3}$ which leaves are mapped bymentioned in $P$ toGhys' 1994 Bourbaki seminar, see the solutions of $X$ on $S^{2}$first paragraph of page 285.

I just realize that a combination of the above 2 steps is mentioned in the first paragraph of page 285 of this paper: http://perso.ens-lyon.fr/ghys/articles/constructionchamps.pdf

On the other hand, we know that the singularities are the main obstructions in the study of limit cycles. (For instance, see the "Non accumulation-accumulation theorem" by Ilyashenko or the subject of "finite cyclicity of polycycles" by Roussarie, Dumortier,Rousseau Rousseau et al.). So the above constructions construction is a motivation to ask the following questions:

1.Let $Y$ be a non vanishing-vanishing analytic vec. field vector field on $S^{3}$. Is it true to say that $Y$ has only a finite number of invariant attractor torus?  (Motivated by "Finiteness theorem for limit cycles" By"Finiteness theorem for limit cycles" by Ilyashenko.)

2.From the view of limit cycle theory, is it usefull to study the (various) lifting of quadratic systems on $S^{2}$ to non vanishing vec. fields on $S^{3}$? By quadratic system I mean the Poincare compactification of a $2$ degree planar polynomial vector field $$ \begin{cases} \dot x=ax+by+cx^{2}+dxy+ey^{2}\\\dot y=a'x+b'y+c'x^{2}+d'xy+e'y^{2} \end{cases}$$

  1. From the view of limit cycle theory, is it useful to study the (various) lifting of quadratic systems on $S^{2}$ to non-vanishing vector fields on $S^{3}$? By quadratic system I mean the Poincaré compactification of a degree $2$ planar polynomial vector field $$ \begin{cases} \dot x=ax+by+cx^{2}+dxy+ey^{2}\\\dot y=a'x+b'y+c'x^{2}+d'xy+e'y^{2}. \end{cases}$$

3.Can we lift an algebraic vector field to a non vanishing-vanishing algebraic vec. vector field? An algebraic vec. vector field on $S^{3}$ is the PoincarePoincaré compactification of a polynomial vector field on $\mathbb{R}^{3}$.

Finally, it is natural to ask: Is the hopf Hopf fibration the only $S^{1}$ fibre bundle from $S^{3}$ to $S^{2}$? (Upup to equivalency of fibre bundle)?

Note 1: It would be interesting to look at the behavior of $Div(\tilde{X})$, since this divergence must vanish somewhere between two invariant torus which covers two limit cycles $\gamma_{1}$ inside $\gamma_{2}$. This is a motivation to ask: Can we obtain a lifting $\tilde{X}$ which divergence is constant on each fibre?Even if the answer is negative we still have a vanishing result for some quantity associated to a vector field on $S^{2}$. The latter statement would be more clear after looking at some thing similar to Dulac-Bendixon criterion It would be interesting to look at the behavior of $\mathrm{Div}(\tilde{X})$, since this divergence must vanish somewhere between two invariant torus which covers two limit cycles $\gamma_{1}$ inside $\gamma_{2}$. This is a motivation to ask: Can we obtain a lifting $\tilde{X}$ whose divergence is constant on each fibre? Even if the answer is negative, we still have a vanishing result for some quantity associated to a vector field on $S^{2}$. The latter statement would be more clear after looking at some thing similar to Dulac-Bendixson criterion.

Note2Note 2: One can repeat the same initial question of nonvanishingnon-vanishing lifting vector field for $\pi:TS^{2}\to S^{2}$ where $\pi$ is the natural projecting map  (Oror lifting the vector fields on $S^{2}$ via circle bundle $P:T^{1} S^{2}\to S^{2}$, where $T^{1}S^{2}$ is the unit tangent bundle). For this type of lifting, we possibly need to the the answer of this question.

Lifting a quadratic system to a non vanishing vector field on $S^{3}$ or $T^{1} S^{2}$

Let $P:S^{3}\to S^{2}$ be the Hopf fibration. For a vector field $X$ on $S^{2}$ there is a non vanishing vector field $\tilde{X}$ on $S^{3}$ such that $DP(\tilde{X})=X$. It is constructed in two steps:

1)(I thank D. Panazzolo for this first step) We choose a 2 dim subbundle $E$ of $TS^{3}$ which is transverse to one dimensional $\ker DP$. Then $DP:E_{x}\to T_{P(x)}S^{2} $ is a linear isomorphism. Then $DP^{-1}(X)$ is a tangent vector field on $S^{3}$ which vanish on $P^{-1}(\text{singularities of X})$

2)We chose a non vanishing vector field $Z$ on $S^{3}$ tangent to the Hopf fibration. Then $\tilde{X}=DP^{-1}(X)+Z$ is the desired vector field. In fact $\tilde{X}$ gives us a one dimensional foliation of $S^{3}$ which leaves are mapped by $P$ to the solutions of $X$ on $S^{2}$.

I just realize that a combination of the above 2 steps is mentioned in the first paragraph of page 285 of this paper: http://perso.ens-lyon.fr/ghys/articles/constructionchamps.pdf

On the other hand, we know that the singularities are the main obstructions in the study of limit cycles. (For instance, see the "Non accumulation theorem" by Ilyashenko or the subject of "finite cyclicity of polycycles" by Roussarie Dumortier,Rousseau et al.). So the above constructions is a motivation to ask the following questions:

1.Let $Y$ be a non vanishing analytic vec. field on $S^{3}$. Is it true to say that $Y$ has only a finite number of invariant attractor torus?(Motivated by "Finiteness theorem for limit cycles" By Ilyashenko)

2.From the view of limit cycle theory, is it usefull to study the (various) lifting of quadratic systems on $S^{2}$ to non vanishing vec. fields on $S^{3}$? By quadratic system I mean the Poincare compactification of a $2$ degree planar polynomial vector field $$ \begin{cases} \dot x=ax+by+cx^{2}+dxy+ey^{2}\\\dot y=a'x+b'y+c'x^{2}+d'xy+e'y^{2} \end{cases}$$

3.Can we lift an algebraic vector field to a non vanishing algebraic vec. field? An algebraic vec. field on $S^{3}$ is the Poincare compactification of a polynomial vector field on $\mathbb{R}^{3}$.

Finally, it is natural to ask: Is the hopf fibration the only $S^{1}$ fibre bundle from $S^{3}$ to $S^{2}$? (Up to equivalency of fibre bundle)

Note 1: It would be interesting to look at the behavior of $Div(\tilde{X})$, since this divergence must vanish somewhere between two invariant torus which covers two limit cycles $\gamma_{1}$ inside $\gamma_{2}$. This is a motivation to ask: Can we obtain a lifting $\tilde{X}$ which divergence is constant on each fibre?Even if the answer is negative we still have a vanishing result for some quantity associated to a vector field on $S^{2}$. The latter statement would be more clear after looking at some thing similar to Dulac-Bendixon criterion

Note2: One can repeat the same initial question of nonvanishing lifting vector field for $\pi:TS^{2}\to S^{2}$ where $\pi$ is the natural projecting map(Or lifting the vector fields on $S^{2}$ via circle bundle $P:T^{1} S^{2}\to S^{2}$, where $T^{1}S^{2}$ is the unit tangent bundle). For this type of lifting we possibly need to the answer of this question

Lifting a quadratic system to a non-vanishing vector field on $S^{3}$ or $T^{1} S^{2}$

Let $P:S^{3}\to S^{2}$ be the Hopf fibration. For a vector field $X$ on $S^{2}$ there is a non-vanishing vector field $\tilde{X}$ on $S^{3}$ such that $DP(\tilde{X})=X$. It is constructed in two steps:

  1. (I thank D. Panazzolo for this first step) We choose a 2-dimensional subbundle $E$ of $TS^{3}$ which is transverse to one-dimensional $\ker DP$. Then $DP:E_{x}\to T_{P(x)}S^{2} $ is a linear isomorphism. Then $DP^{-1}(X)$ is a tangent vector field on $S^{3}$ which vanishes on $P^{-1}(\text{singularities of X})$

  2. We choose a non-vanishing vector field $Z$ on $S^{3}$ tangent to the Hopf fibration. Then $\tilde{X}=DP^{-1}(X)+Z$ is the desired vector field. In fact $\tilde{X}$ gives us a one-dimensional foliation of $S^{3}$ whose leaves are mapped by $P$ to the solutions of $X$ on $S^{2}$.

[Edit: I just realize that a combination of the above 2 steps is mentioned in Ghys' 1994 Bourbaki seminar, see the first paragraph of page 285.

On the other hand, we know that the singularities are the main obstructions in the study of limit cycles. (For instance, see the "Non-accumulation theorem" by Ilyashenko or the subject of "finite cyclicity of polycycles" by Roussarie, Dumortier, Rousseau et al.). So the above construction is a motivation to ask the following questions:

1.Let $Y$ be a non-vanishing analytic vector field on $S^{3}$. Is it true to say that $Y$ has only a finite number of invariant attractor torus?  (Motivated by "Finiteness theorem for limit cycles" by Ilyashenko.)

  1. From the view of limit cycle theory, is it useful to study the (various) lifting of quadratic systems on $S^{2}$ to non-vanishing vector fields on $S^{3}$? By quadratic system I mean the Poincaré compactification of a degree $2$ planar polynomial vector field $$ \begin{cases} \dot x=ax+by+cx^{2}+dxy+ey^{2}\\\dot y=a'x+b'y+c'x^{2}+d'xy+e'y^{2}. \end{cases}$$

3.Can we lift an algebraic vector field to a non-vanishing algebraic vector field? An algebraic vector field on $S^{3}$ is the Poincaré compactification of a polynomial vector field on $\mathbb{R}^{3}$.

Finally, it is natural to ask: Is the Hopf fibration the only $S^{1}$ fibre bundle from $S^{3}$ to $S^{2}$ (up to equivalency of fibre bundle)?

Note 1: It would be interesting to look at the behavior of $\mathrm{Div}(\tilde{X})$, since this divergence must vanish somewhere between two invariant torus which covers two limit cycles $\gamma_{1}$ inside $\gamma_{2}$. This is a motivation to ask: Can we obtain a lifting $\tilde{X}$ whose divergence is constant on each fibre? Even if the answer is negative, we still have a vanishing result for some quantity associated to a vector field on $S^{2}$. The latter statement would be more clear after looking at some thing similar to Dulac-Bendixson criterion.

Note 2: One can repeat the same initial question of non-vanishing lifting vector field for $\pi:TS^{2}\to S^{2}$ where $\pi$ is the natural projecting map  (or lifting the vector fields on $S^{2}$ via circle bundle $P:T^{1} S^{2}\to S^{2}$, where $T^{1}S^{2}$ is the unit tangent bundle). For this type of lifting, we possibly need the answer of this question.

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Let $P:S^{3}\to S^{2}$ be the Hopf fibration. For a vector field $X$ on $S^{2}$ there is a non vanishing vector field $\tilde{X}$ on $S^{3}$ such that $DP(\tilde{X})=X$. It is constructed in two steps:

1)(I thank D. Panazzolo for this first step) We choose a 2 dim subbundle $E$ of $TS^{3}$ which is transverse to one dimensional $\ker DP$. Then $DP:E_{x}\to T_{P(x)}S^{2} $ is a linear isomorphism. Then $DP^{-1}(X)$ is a tangent vector field on $S^{3}$ which vanish on $P^{-1}(\text{singularities of X})$

2)We chose a non vanishing vector field $Z$ on $S^{3}$ tangent to the Hopf fibration. Then $\tilde{X}=DP^{-1}(X)+Z$ is the desired vector field. In fact $\tilde{X}$ gives us a one dimensional foliation of $S^{3}$ which leaves are mapped by $P$ to the solutions of $X$ on $S^{2}$.

I just realize that a combination of the above 2 steps is mentioned in the first paragraph of page 285 of this paper: http://perso.ens-lyon.fr/ghys/articles/constructionchamps.pdf

On the other hand, we know that the singularities are the main obstructions in the study of limit cycles. (For instance, see the "Non accumulation theorem" by Ilyashenko or the subject of "finite cyclicity of polycycles" by Roussarie Dumortier,Rousseau et al.). So the above constructions is a motivation to ask the following questions:

1.Let $Y$ be a non vanishing analytic vec. field on $S^{3}$. Is it true to say that $Y$ has only a finite number of invariant attractor torus?(Motivated by "Finiteness theorem for limit cycles" By Ilyashenko)

2.From the view of limit cycle theory, is it usefull to study the (various) lifting of quadratic systems on $S^{2}$ to non vanishing vec. fields on $S^{3}$? By quadratic system I mean the Poincare compactification of a $2$ degree planar polynomial vector field $$ \begin{cases} \dot x=ax+by+cx^{2}+dxy+ey^{2}\\\dot y=a'x+b'y+c'x^{2}+d'xy+e'y^{2} \end{cases}$$

3.Can we lift an algebraic vector field to a non vanishing algebraic vec. field? An algebraic vec. field on $S^{3}$ is the Poincare compactification of a polynomial vector field on $\mathbb{R}^{3}$.

Finally, it is natural to ask: Is the hopf fibration the only $S^{1}$ fibre bundle from $S^{3}$ to $S^{2}$? (Up to equivalency of fibre bundle)

Note 1: It would be interesting to look at the behavior of $Div(\tilde{X})$, since this divergence must vanish somewhere between two invariant torus which covers two limit cycles $\gamma_{1}$ inside $\gamma_{2}$. This is a motivation to ask: Can we obtain a lifting $\tilde{X}$ which divergence is constant on each fibre?Even if the answer is negative we still have a vanishing result for some quantity associated to a vector field on $S^{2}$. The latter statement would be more clear after looking at some thing similar to Dulac-Bendixon criterion

Note2: One can repeat the same initial question of nonvanishing lifting vector field for $\pi:TS^{2}\to S^{2}$ where $\pi$ is the natural projecting map(Or lifting the vector fields on $S^{2}$ via circle bundle $P:T^{1} S^{2}\to S^{2}$, where $T^{1}S^{2}$ is the unit tangent bundle). For this type of lifting we possibly need to the answer of this question

Let $P:S^{3}\to S^{2}$ be the Hopf fibration. For a vector field $X$ on $S^{2}$ there is a non vanishing vector field $\tilde{X}$ on $S^{3}$ such that $DP(\tilde{X})=X$. It is constructed in two steps:

1)(I thank D. Panazzolo for this first step) We choose a 2 dim subbundle $E$ of $TS^{3}$ which is transverse to one dimensional $\ker DP$. Then $DP:E_{x}\to T_{P(x)}S^{2} $ is a linear isomorphism. Then $DP^{-1}(X)$ is a tangent vector field on $S^{3}$ which vanish on $P^{-1}(\text{singularities of X})$

2)We chose a non vanishing vector field $Z$ on $S^{3}$ tangent to the Hopf fibration. Then $\tilde{X}=DP^{-1}(X)+Z$ is the desired vector field. In fact $\tilde{X}$ gives us a one dimensional foliation of $S^{3}$ which leaves are mapped by $P$ to the solutions of $X$ on $S^{2}$.

On the other hand, we know that the singularities are the main obstructions in the study of limit cycles. (For instance, see the "Non accumulation theorem" by Ilyashenko or the subject of "finite cyclicity of polycycles" by Roussarie Dumortier,Rousseau et al.). So the above constructions is a motivation to ask the following questions:

1.Let $Y$ be a non vanishing analytic vec. field on $S^{3}$. Is it true to say that $Y$ has only a finite number of invariant attractor torus?(Motivated by "Finiteness theorem for limit cycles" By Ilyashenko)

2.From the view of limit cycle theory, is it usefull to study the (various) lifting of quadratic systems on $S^{2}$ to non vanishing vec. fields on $S^{3}$? By quadratic system I mean the Poincare compactification of a $2$ degree planar polynomial vector field $$ \begin{cases} \dot x=ax+by+cx^{2}+dxy+ey^{2}\\\dot y=a'x+b'y+c'x^{2}+d'xy+e'y^{2} \end{cases}$$

3.Can we lift an algebraic vector field to a non vanishing algebraic vec. field? An algebraic vec. field on $S^{3}$ is the Poincare compactification of a polynomial vector field on $\mathbb{R}^{3}$.

Finally, it is natural to ask: Is the hopf fibration the only $S^{1}$ fibre bundle from $S^{3}$ to $S^{2}$? (Up to equivalency of fibre bundle)

Note 1: It would be interesting to look at the behavior of $Div(\tilde{X})$, since this divergence must vanish somewhere between two invariant torus which covers two limit cycles $\gamma_{1}$ inside $\gamma_{2}$. This is a motivation to ask: Can we obtain a lifting $\tilde{X}$ which divergence is constant on each fibre?Even if the answer is negative we still have a vanishing result for some quantity associated to a vector field on $S^{2}$. The latter statement would be more clear after looking at some thing similar to Dulac-Bendixon criterion

Note2: One can repeat the same initial question of nonvanishing lifting vector field for $\pi:TS^{2}\to S^{2}$ where $\pi$ is the natural projecting map(Or lifting the vector fields on $S^{2}$ via circle bundle $P:T^{1} S^{2}\to S^{2}$, where $T^{1}S^{2}$ is the unit tangent bundle). For this type of lifting we possibly need to the answer of this question

Let $P:S^{3}\to S^{2}$ be the Hopf fibration. For a vector field $X$ on $S^{2}$ there is a non vanishing vector field $\tilde{X}$ on $S^{3}$ such that $DP(\tilde{X})=X$. It is constructed in two steps:

1)(I thank D. Panazzolo for this first step) We choose a 2 dim subbundle $E$ of $TS^{3}$ which is transverse to one dimensional $\ker DP$. Then $DP:E_{x}\to T_{P(x)}S^{2} $ is a linear isomorphism. Then $DP^{-1}(X)$ is a tangent vector field on $S^{3}$ which vanish on $P^{-1}(\text{singularities of X})$

2)We chose a non vanishing vector field $Z$ on $S^{3}$ tangent to the Hopf fibration. Then $\tilde{X}=DP^{-1}(X)+Z$ is the desired vector field. In fact $\tilde{X}$ gives us a one dimensional foliation of $S^{3}$ which leaves are mapped by $P$ to the solutions of $X$ on $S^{2}$.

I just realize that a combination of the above 2 steps is mentioned in the first paragraph of page 285 of this paper: http://perso.ens-lyon.fr/ghys/articles/constructionchamps.pdf

On the other hand, we know that the singularities are the main obstructions in the study of limit cycles. (For instance, see the "Non accumulation theorem" by Ilyashenko or the subject of "finite cyclicity of polycycles" by Roussarie Dumortier,Rousseau et al.). So the above constructions is a motivation to ask the following questions:

1.Let $Y$ be a non vanishing analytic vec. field on $S^{3}$. Is it true to say that $Y$ has only a finite number of invariant attractor torus?(Motivated by "Finiteness theorem for limit cycles" By Ilyashenko)

2.From the view of limit cycle theory, is it usefull to study the (various) lifting of quadratic systems on $S^{2}$ to non vanishing vec. fields on $S^{3}$? By quadratic system I mean the Poincare compactification of a $2$ degree planar polynomial vector field $$ \begin{cases} \dot x=ax+by+cx^{2}+dxy+ey^{2}\\\dot y=a'x+b'y+c'x^{2}+d'xy+e'y^{2} \end{cases}$$

3.Can we lift an algebraic vector field to a non vanishing algebraic vec. field? An algebraic vec. field on $S^{3}$ is the Poincare compactification of a polynomial vector field on $\mathbb{R}^{3}$.

Finally, it is natural to ask: Is the hopf fibration the only $S^{1}$ fibre bundle from $S^{3}$ to $S^{2}$? (Up to equivalency of fibre bundle)

Note 1: It would be interesting to look at the behavior of $Div(\tilde{X})$, since this divergence must vanish somewhere between two invariant torus which covers two limit cycles $\gamma_{1}$ inside $\gamma_{2}$. This is a motivation to ask: Can we obtain a lifting $\tilde{X}$ which divergence is constant on each fibre?Even if the answer is negative we still have a vanishing result for some quantity associated to a vector field on $S^{2}$. The latter statement would be more clear after looking at some thing similar to Dulac-Bendixon criterion

Note2: One can repeat the same initial question of nonvanishing lifting vector field for $\pi:TS^{2}\to S^{2}$ where $\pi$ is the natural projecting map(Or lifting the vector fields on $S^{2}$ via circle bundle $P:T^{1} S^{2}\to S^{2}$, where $T^{1}S^{2}$ is the unit tangent bundle). For this type of lifting we possibly need to the answer of this question

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Let $P:S^{3}\to S^{2}$ be the Hopf fibration. For a vector field $X$ on $S^{2}$ there is a non vanishing vector field $\tilde{X}$ on $S^{3}$ such that $DP(\tilde{X})=X$. It is constructed in two steps:

1)(I thank D. Panazzolo for this first step) We choose a 2 dim subbundle $E$ of $TS^{3}$ which is transverse to one dimensional $\ker DP$. Then $DP:E_{x}\to T_{P(x)}S^{2} $ is a linear isomorphism. Then $DP^{-1}(X)$ is a tangent vector field on $S^{3}$ which vanish on $P^{-1}(\text{singularities of X})$

2)We chose a non vanishing vector field $Z$ on $S^{3}$ tangent to the Hopf fibration. Then $\tilde{X}=DP^{-1}(X)+Z$ is the desired vector field. In fact $\tilde{X}$ gives us a one dimensional foliation of $S^{3}$ which leaves are mapped by $P$ to the solutions of $X$ on $S^{2}$.

On the other hand, we know that the singularities are the main obstructions in the study of limit cycles. (For instance, see the "Non accumulation theorem" by Ilyashenko or the subject of "finite cyclicity of polycycles" by Roussarie Dumortier,Rousseau et al.). So the above constructions is a motivation to ask the following questions:

1.Let $Y$ be a non vanishing analytic vec. field on $S^{3}$. Is it true to say that $Y$ has only a finite number of invariant attractor torus?(Motivated by "Finiteness theorem for limit cycles" By Ilyashenko)

2.From the view of limit cycle theory, is it usefull to study the (various) lifting of quadratic systems on $S^{2}$ to non vanishing vec. fields on $S^{3}$? By quadratic system I mean the Poincare compactificationPoincare compactification of a $2$ degree planar polynomial vector field $$ \begin{cases} \dot x=ax+by+cx^{2}+dxy+ey^{2}\\\dot y=a'x+b'y+c'x^{2}+d'xy+e'y^{2} \end{cases}$$

3.Can we lift an algebraic vector field to a non vanishing algebraic vec. field? An algebraic vec. field on $S^{3}$ is the Poincare compactification of a polynomial vector field on $\mathbb{R}^{3}$.

Finally, it is natural to ask: Is the hopf fibration the only $S^{1}$ fibre bundle from $S^{3}$ to $S^{2}$? (Up to equivalency of fibre bundle)

Note 1: It would be interesting to look at the behavior of $Div(\tilde{X})$, since this divergence must vanish somewhere between two invariant torus which covers two limit cycles $\gamma_{1}$ inside $\gamma_{2}$. This is a motivation to ask: Can we obtain a lifting $\tilde{X}$ which divergence is constant on each fibre?Even if the answer is negative we still have a vanishing result for some quantity associated to a vector field on $S^{2}$. The latter statement would be more clear after looking at some thing similar to Dulac-Bendixon criterion

Note2: One can repeat the same initial question of nonvanishing lifting vector field for $\pi:TS^{2}\to S^{2}$ where $\pi$ is the natural projecting map(Or lifting the vector fields on $S^{2}$ via circle bundle $P:T^{1} S^{2}\to S^{2}$, where $T^{1}S^{2}$ is the unit tangent bundle). For this type of lifting we possibly need to the answer of this questionthis question

Let $P:S^{3}\to S^{2}$ be the Hopf fibration. For a vector field $X$ on $S^{2}$ there is a non vanishing vector field $\tilde{X}$ on $S^{3}$ such that $DP(\tilde{X})=X$. It is constructed in two steps:

1)(I thank D. Panazzolo for this first step) We choose a 2 dim subbundle $E$ of $TS^{3}$ which is transverse to one dimensional $\ker DP$. Then $DP:E_{x}\to T_{P(x)}S^{2} $ is a linear isomorphism. Then $DP^{-1}(X)$ is a tangent vector field on $S^{3}$ which vanish on $P^{-1}(\text{singularities of X})$

2)We chose a non vanishing vector field $Z$ on $S^{3}$ tangent to the Hopf fibration. Then $\tilde{X}=DP^{-1}(X)+Z$ is the desired vector field. In fact $\tilde{X}$ gives us a one dimensional foliation of $S^{3}$ which leaves are mapped by $P$ to the solutions of $X$ on $S^{2}$.

On the other hand, we know that the singularities are the main obstructions in the study of limit cycles. (For instance, see the "Non accumulation theorem" by Ilyashenko or the subject of "finite cyclicity of polycycles" by Roussarie Dumortier,Rousseau et al.). So the above constructions is a motivation to ask the following questions:

1.Let $Y$ be a non vanishing analytic vec. field on $S^{3}$. Is it true to say that $Y$ has only a finite number of invariant attractor torus?(Motivated by "Finiteness theorem for limit cycles" By Ilyashenko)

2.From the view of limit cycle theory, is it usefull to study the (various) lifting of quadratic systems on $S^{2}$ to non vanishing vec. fields on $S^{3}$? By quadratic system I mean the Poincare compactification of a $2$ degree planar polynomial vector field $$ \begin{cases} \dot x=ax+by+cx^{2}+dxy+ey^{2}\\\dot y=a'x+b'y+c'x^{2}+d'xy+e'y^{2} \end{cases}$$

3.Can we lift an algebraic vector field to a non vanishing algebraic vec. field? An algebraic vec. field on $S^{3}$ is the Poincare compactification of a polynomial vector field on $\mathbb{R}^{3}$.

Finally, it is natural to ask: Is the hopf fibration the only $S^{1}$ fibre bundle from $S^{3}$ to $S^{2}$? (Up to equivalency of fibre bundle)

Note 1: It would be interesting to look at the behavior of $Div(\tilde{X})$, since this divergence must vanish somewhere between two invariant torus which covers two limit cycles $\gamma_{1}$ inside $\gamma_{2}$. This is a motivation to ask: Can we obtain a lifting $\tilde{X}$ which divergence is constant on each fibre?Even if the answer is negative we still have a vanishing result for some quantity associated to a vector field on $S^{2}$. The latter statement would be more clear after looking at some thing similar to Dulac-Bendixon criterion

Note2: One can repeat the same initial question of nonvanishing lifting vector field for $\pi:TS^{2}\to S^{2}$ where $\pi$ is the natural projecting map(Or lifting the vector fields on $S^{2}$ via circle bundle $P:T^{1} S^{2}\to S^{2}$, where $T^{1}S^{2}$ is the unit tangent bundle). For this type of lifting we possibly need to the answer of this question

Let $P:S^{3}\to S^{2}$ be the Hopf fibration. For a vector field $X$ on $S^{2}$ there is a non vanishing vector field $\tilde{X}$ on $S^{3}$ such that $DP(\tilde{X})=X$. It is constructed in two steps:

1)(I thank D. Panazzolo for this first step) We choose a 2 dim subbundle $E$ of $TS^{3}$ which is transverse to one dimensional $\ker DP$. Then $DP:E_{x}\to T_{P(x)}S^{2} $ is a linear isomorphism. Then $DP^{-1}(X)$ is a tangent vector field on $S^{3}$ which vanish on $P^{-1}(\text{singularities of X})$

2)We chose a non vanishing vector field $Z$ on $S^{3}$ tangent to the Hopf fibration. Then $\tilde{X}=DP^{-1}(X)+Z$ is the desired vector field. In fact $\tilde{X}$ gives us a one dimensional foliation of $S^{3}$ which leaves are mapped by $P$ to the solutions of $X$ on $S^{2}$.

On the other hand, we know that the singularities are the main obstructions in the study of limit cycles. (For instance, see the "Non accumulation theorem" by Ilyashenko or the subject of "finite cyclicity of polycycles" by Roussarie Dumortier,Rousseau et al.). So the above constructions is a motivation to ask the following questions:

1.Let $Y$ be a non vanishing analytic vec. field on $S^{3}$. Is it true to say that $Y$ has only a finite number of invariant attractor torus?(Motivated by "Finiteness theorem for limit cycles" By Ilyashenko)

2.From the view of limit cycle theory, is it usefull to study the (various) lifting of quadratic systems on $S^{2}$ to non vanishing vec. fields on $S^{3}$? By quadratic system I mean the Poincare compactification of a $2$ degree planar polynomial vector field $$ \begin{cases} \dot x=ax+by+cx^{2}+dxy+ey^{2}\\\dot y=a'x+b'y+c'x^{2}+d'xy+e'y^{2} \end{cases}$$

3.Can we lift an algebraic vector field to a non vanishing algebraic vec. field? An algebraic vec. field on $S^{3}$ is the Poincare compactification of a polynomial vector field on $\mathbb{R}^{3}$.

Finally, it is natural to ask: Is the hopf fibration the only $S^{1}$ fibre bundle from $S^{3}$ to $S^{2}$? (Up to equivalency of fibre bundle)

Note 1: It would be interesting to look at the behavior of $Div(\tilde{X})$, since this divergence must vanish somewhere between two invariant torus which covers two limit cycles $\gamma_{1}$ inside $\gamma_{2}$. This is a motivation to ask: Can we obtain a lifting $\tilde{X}$ which divergence is constant on each fibre?Even if the answer is negative we still have a vanishing result for some quantity associated to a vector field on $S^{2}$. The latter statement would be more clear after looking at some thing similar to Dulac-Bendixon criterion

Note2: One can repeat the same initial question of nonvanishing lifting vector field for $\pi:TS^{2}\to S^{2}$ where $\pi$ is the natural projecting map(Or lifting the vector fields on $S^{2}$ via circle bundle $P:T^{1} S^{2}\to S^{2}$, where $T^{1}S^{2}$ is the unit tangent bundle). For this type of lifting we possibly need to the answer of this question

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