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Mar 7, 2010 at 17:49 comment added Deane Yang @Orbicular: Yes, you are right.
Mar 7, 2010 at 9:07 comment added Orbicular @Deane Yang: I suppose you mean "exterior differential" instead of covariant derivative!
Mar 7, 2010 at 5:06 comment added Deane Yang Democracy? Not really. In my answer, I definitely view the tangent bundle as being more fundamental, and the cotangent bundle as arising naturally from differentiating functions. On the other hand, the canonical 1-form and its covariant derivative make the cotangent bundle in many ways much more interesting to study for its own sake than the tangent bundle.
Mar 7, 2010 at 4:52 comment added Eric Zaslow This nicely captures the duality between the two, but are these answers really honest? Do y'all really think of these two structures with the democracy professed in these answers? I don't (I understand them, but I don't) and I have to twist my mind a bit to find the structure dual to the canonical form. Maybe it's just me. (Sorry, this isn't really a mathematics question.)
Mar 7, 2010 at 4:51 comment added Matt Noonan No, Terry's answer is right (see also the first paragraph of Deane's answer). A derivative is a linear approximation, so the derivative of a function $\mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}$ is a linear form on $\mathbb{R}^n$. In the case of a manifold this means you get an element of $T^*M$, which of course turns out to be the differential.
Mar 7, 2010 at 4:42 vote accept Eric Zaslow
Mar 7, 2010 at 4:13 comment added Petya Situation is opposite: If I want to differentiate a function on manifold at a point, then I need a tangent vector at that point.
Mar 7, 2010 at 4:08 history answered Terry Tao CC BY-SA 2.5