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azhi
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It is known that in the case of more than two independent variables, it is usually not possible (especially in the case of PDE with the variable coefficients) to reduce a linear partial differential equation of the second order to a canonical form throughout a domain. I read the above result, for example, in Renuka Ravindran's book, Partial Differential Equations, Page 58~59. Since I have not found any detailed explanation of this result, I want to construct a counterexample of PDE in at least three independent variables, like this $$\sum_{i,j=1}^n a_{ij}(x)u_{x_ix_j}+\sum_{i=1}^n b_{i}(x)u_{x_i}+c(x)u(x)=0, x\in\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n, $$ where $n\geq3,$ such that which can not be reduced to canonical form globally., that is the form of the following $$\sum_{i,j=1}^n \alpha_{ij} u_{\xi_i\xi_j}+\text{lower oder terms}=0, ~ \xi\in\Omega'\subset\mathbb{R}^n,$$ where $$\alpha_{i,j}=0,\pm 1.$$ But I do not how. Can anyone help me, or tell me where I can find these counterexamples?

It is known that in the case of more than two independent variables, it is usually not possible (especially in the case of PDE with the variable coefficients) to reduce a linear partial differential equation of the second order to a canonical form throughout a domain. I read the above result, for example, in Renuka Ravindran's book, Partial Differential Equations, Page 58~59. Since I have not found any detailed explanation of this result, I want to construct a counterexample of PDE in at least three independent variables, like this $$\sum_{i,j=1}^n a_{ij}(x)u_{x_ix_j}+\sum_{i=1}^n b_{i}(x)u_{x_i}+c(x)u(x)=0, x\in\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n, $$ where $n\geq3,$ such that which can not be reduced to canonical form globally. But I do not how. Can anyone help me, or tell me where I can find these counterexamples?

It is known that in the case of more than two independent variables, it is usually not possible (especially in the case of PDE with the variable coefficients) to reduce a linear partial differential equation of the second order to a canonical form throughout a domain. I read the above result, for example, in Renuka Ravindran's book, Partial Differential Equations, Page 58~59. Since I have not found any detailed explanation of this result, I want to construct a counterexample of PDE in at least three independent variables, like this $$\sum_{i,j=1}^n a_{ij}(x)u_{x_ix_j}+\sum_{i=1}^n b_{i}(x)u_{x_i}+c(x)u(x)=0, x\in\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n, $$ where $n\geq3,$ such that which can not be reduced to canonical form globally, that is the form of the following $$\sum_{i,j=1}^n \alpha_{ij} u_{\xi_i\xi_j}+\text{lower oder terms}=0, ~ \xi\in\Omega'\subset\mathbb{R}^n,$$ where $$\alpha_{i,j}=0,\pm 1.$$ But I do not how. Can anyone help me, or tell me where I can find these counterexamples?

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azhi
  • 133
  • 1
  • 5

Why is it impossible to reduce a linear PDE of the second order in more than two independent variables to canonical form globally

It is known that in the case of more than two independent variables, it is usually not possible (especially in the case of PDE with the variable coefficients) to reduce a linear partial differential equation of the second order to a canonical form throughout a domain. I read the above result, for example, in Renuka Ravindran's book, Partial Differential Equations, Page 58~59. Since I have not found any detailed explanation of this result, I want to construct a counterexample of PDE in at least three independent variables, like this $$\sum_{i,j=1}^n a_{ij}(x)u_{x_ix_j}+\sum_{i=1}^n b_{i}(x)u_{x_i}+c(x)u(x)=0, x\in\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n, $$ where $n\geq3,$ such that which can not be reduced to canonical form globally. But I do not how. Can anyone help me, or tell me where I can find these counterexamples?