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Jan 26, 2014 at 3:41 comment added Noah Schweber What Francois described is how to talk about ordinals directly in the language of $PA$, which is what you really want. However, let me point out that talking about well-orderings in $Z_2$ is substantially easier; in particular, the statement "$R(x, y)$ is a well-ordering" no longer has to be expressed as an induction scheme, but is just a single $\Pi^1_1$ sentence.
Jan 26, 2014 at 3:00 vote accept A.C.
Jan 26, 2014 at 1:29 comment added François G. Dorais @A.C. Every ordinal below $\varepsilon_0$ has a unique hereditary base $\omega$ representation and the ordering of two such ordinals can be determined recursively from these finite representations (coded using numbers in the usual manner). Longer wellorderings such as $\Gamma_0$ have similar, but more complicated, computable systems of notations.
Jan 26, 2014 at 1:24 comment added A.C. Excellent! I think Goodstein's Theorem is a nicer example of what I'm looking for than Con(PA), primarily because it's simpler. From here I have to understand three things: How to encode the claim that $\epsilon_0$ is well-founded into the language of $\mathsf{Z}_2$, how to prove that claim, and then how to translate that claim into a first-order sentence (which will probably be Goodstein's theorem; I assume technical reasons make it impossible to encode the well-foundedness of $\epsilon_0$ directly in first-order terms). I may be able to do these without assistance; I'm still reading.
Jan 25, 2014 at 22:00 history answered François G. Dorais CC BY-SA 3.0