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Dec 2, 2013 at 23:07 comment added bof In the same vein as Birkhoff and Lyndon, Weinstein proved that a first-order sentence is preserved by direct products AND unions of chains if and only if it's logically equivalent to a universal-existential Horn sentence. This was (if I remember right) the main result of his dissertation; it's probably mentioned in Chang and Keisler's book.
Dec 2, 2013 at 21:52 comment added bof Good question. If anybody knows I guess it would be Keisler. Maybe you should ask the great man himself: math.wisc.edu/~keisler
Dec 2, 2013 at 21:49 comment added bof mathoverflow.net/help/someone-answers
Dec 2, 2013 at 18:31 comment added Tristan Bice However, I would still be curious to know if there is some nice description of sentences that are both a product AND a factor sentence. After all, Birkhoff's HSP theorem and Lyndon's HD(=HP) theorem show that adding assumptions to "product sentence" can lead to simpler characterizations.
Dec 2, 2013 at 18:26 comment added Tristan Bice Great, thanks for the references. I couldn't find the results themselves in Chang and Keisler's book, although they do say there that Weinstein's thesis contains some complicated characterization of product sentences, as you mentioned, and exercise 5.2.23** is about characterizing factor sentences, which is explained in more detail in Keisler's article "Some Applications of Infinitely Long Formulas".
Dec 1, 2013 at 23:20 history edited bof CC BY-SA 3.0
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Dec 1, 2013 at 23:13 history answered bof CC BY-SA 3.0