This question is related to Attaching cells of different dimensions at once in a CW-complex There, I didn't manage to formalize the idea I had in mind, and ended up with a question whose answer was obviously no, as Jeff Strom and Tom Goodwillie showed. This question here is hopefully more meaningful. In particular, Tom's concrete counterexample to the former doesn't apply here.

Let $X$ be a connected CW-complex and $X^m$ it's $m$-skeleton. I think that for any $n\geq 2$ and $1\leq r\leq n-1$ it should be possible to obtain $X^{n+r}$ directly from $X^n$ via a homotopy push-out

$$\begin{array}{ccc} Y&\rightarrow &X^{n}\\ \downarrow&&\downarrow\\ X^{n}&\rightarrow &X^{n+r} \end{array}$$

were $Y$ is an $(n+r-1)$-dimensional CW-complex with $Y^n=X^n\vee (\vee_{C_{n+1}}S^n)$, the quotient $Y/X^n$ is a desuspension of $X^{n+r}/X^{n}$, the arrows out of $Y$ restrict to the indentity on $X^n$, and the two maps $X^n\rightarrow X^{n+r}$ are the inclusion.

For $r=1$, the previous square would be equivalent to the attaching map of $(n+1)$-cells.

I'd like to know if this is true, known (references?) or if there is a short argument to prove it. If true, I'd also like to know about uniqueness.

In order to prove that this question is not completely trivial, let me show that the answer is yes for $r=2$.

Let $C_*(X)$ be the cellular chain complex of the universal conver of $X$, which is a complex of $\mathbb Z[\pi_1X]$-modules. Recall that $C_m(X)=\pi_m(X^m, X^{m-1})$ for $n>2$ is a free $\mathbb Z[\pi_1X]$-module, whose basis we denote $C_m$. The differential out of $C_{m+1}(X)$ is the composite $$d_{m+1}\colon\pi_{m+1}(X^{m+1}, X^{m})\longrightarrow \pi_mX^m\longrightarrow\pi_m(X^m, X^{m-1})$$ which uses homomotphisms of the long exact sequences of the pairs $(X^{m+1},X^m)$ and $(X^m, X^{m-1})$. One can easily check that $C_m(X)=\ker[\pi_k(0,1)\colon \pi_k(\vee_{C_m}S^k\vee X^l)\rightarrow \pi_kX^l]$, $k,l\geq 2$, hence we can represent $d_m$ by a map $\bar d_m\colon \vee_{C_{m+1}}S^n\rightarrow \vee_{C_m}S^n\vee X^n$.

The composite $$\pi_{n+2}(X^{n+2}, X^{n+1})\stackrel{d_{n+2}}\longrightarrow\pi_n(X^{n+1}, X^{n})\longrightarrow\pi_nX^n$$ is trivial because it factors through to consecutive homomorphisms of the long exact sequence of $(X^{n+1},X^{n})$. Hence, the composite $$\vee_{C_{n+2}}S^n\stackrel{\bar d_{n+2}}\longrightarrow \vee_{C_{n+1}}S^n\vee X^n\stackrel{(f, 1)}\longrightarrow X^n,$$ where $f$ is the attaching map of $(n+1)$-cells, is nullhomotopic. Let $Y$ be the mapping cone of $\bar d_{n+2}$. A null-homotopy yields a map $Y\rightarrow X^n$, which will be the upper horizontal map in the square.

The composite $$\vee_{C_{n+2}}S^n\stackrel{\bar d_{n+2}}\longrightarrow \vee_{C_{n+1}}S^n\vee X^n\stackrel{(0,1)}\longrightarrow X^n,$$ is also nullhomotopic, since $\bar d_{n+2}$ represents a map in $\ker\pi_{n}(0,1)$, hence we get another map $Y\rightarrow X^n$, which will be the left vertical map.

We can form a square as above, commutative up to a certain homotopy comming from the fact that $f$ composed with the inclusion $X^n\subset X^{n+1}$ is nullhomotopic. Therefore we obtain a map $Z\rightarrow X^{n+2}$ from the homotopy push-out $Z$ of the upper left corner. By construction, this map induces an isomorphism on $\pi_1$ and on cellular chain complexes of universal covers, so it is a homotopy equivalence by the homological Whitehead theorem.

This question is related to Attaching cells of different dimensions at once in a CW-complex There, I didn't manage to formalize the idea I had in mind, and ended up with a question whose answer was obviously no, as Jeff Strom and Tom Goodwillie showed. This question here is hopefully more meaningful. In particular, Tom's concrete counterexample to the former doesn't apply here.

Let $X$ be a connected CW-complex and $X^m$ it's $m$-skeleton. I think that for any $n\geq 2$ and $1\leq r\leq n-1$ it should be possible to obtain $X^{n+r}$ directly from $X^n$ via a homotopy push-out

$$\begin{array}{ccc} Y&\rightarrow &X^{n}\\ \downarrow&&\downarrow\\ X^{n}&\rightarrow &X^{n+r} \end{array}$$

were $Y$ is an $(n+r-1)$-dimensional CW-complex with $Y^n=X^n\vee (\vee_{C_{n+1}}S^n)$, the quotient $Y/X^n$ is a desuspension of $X^{n+r}/X^{n}$, the arrows out of $Y$ restrict to the indentity on $X^n$, and the two maps $X^n\rightarrow X^{n+r}$ are the inclusion.

For $r=1$, the previous square would be equivalent to the attaching map of $(n+1)$-cells.

I'd like to know if this is true, known (references?) or if there is a short argument to prove it. If true, I'd also like to know about uniqueness.

In order to prove that this question is not completely trivial, let me show that the answer is yes for $r=2$.

Let $C_*(X)$ be the cellular chain complex of the universal conver of $X$, which is a complex of $\mathbb Z[\pi_1X]$-modules. Recall that $C_m(X)=\pi_m(X^m, X^{m-1})$ for $n>2$ is a free $\mathbb Z[\pi_1X]$-module, whose basis we denote $C_m$. The differential out of $C_{m+1}(X)$ is the composite $$d_{m+1}\colon\pi_{m+1}(X^{m+1}, X^{m})\longrightarrow \pi_mX^m\longrightarrow\pi_m(X^m, X^{m-1})$$ which uses homomotphisms of the long exact sequences of the pairs $(X^{m+1},X^m)$ and $(X^m, X^{m-1})$. One can easily check that $C_m(X)=\ker[\pi_k(0,1)\colon \pi_k(\vee_{C_m}S^k\vee X^l)\rightarrow \pi_kX^l]$, $k,l\geq 2$, hence we can represent $d_m$ by a map $\bar d_m\colon \vee_{C_{m+1}}S^n\rightarrow \vee_{C_m}S^n\vee X^n$.

The composite $$\pi_{n+2}(X^{n+2}, X^{n+1})\stackrel{d_{n+2}}\longrightarrow\pi_n(X^{n+1}, X^{n})\longrightarrow\pi_nX^n$$ is trivial because it factors through to consecutive homomorphisms of the long exact sequence of $(X^{n+1},X^{n})$. Hence, the composite $$\vee_{C_{n+2}}S^n\stackrel{\bar d_{n+2}}\longrightarrow \vee_{C_{n+1}}S^n\vee X^n\stackrel{(f, 1)}\longrightarrow X^n,$$ where $f$ is the attaching map of $(n+1)$-cells, is nullhomotopic. Let $Y$ be the mapping cone of $\bar d_{n+2}$. A null-homotopy yields a map $Y\rightarrow X^n$, which will be the upper horizontal map in the square.

The composite $$\vee_{C_{n+2}}S^n\stackrel{\bar d_{n+2}}\longrightarrow \vee_{C_{n+1}}S^n\vee X^n\stackrel{(0,1)}\longrightarrow X^n,$$ is also nullhomotopic, since $\bar d_{n+2}$ represents a map in $\ker\pi_{n}(0,1)$, hence we get another map $Y\rightarrow X^n$, which will be the left vertical map.

We can form a square as above, commutative up to a certain homotopy comming from the fact that $f$ composed with the inclusion $X^n\subset X^{n+1}$ is nullhomotopic. Therefore we obtain a map $Z\rightarrow X^{n+2}$ from the homotopy push-out $Z$ of the upper left corner. By construction, this map induces an isomorphism on $\pi_1$ and on cellular chain complexes of universal covers, so it is a homotopy equivalence by the homological Whitehead theorem.