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Apr 2, 2019 at 0:43 comment added Douglas Zare The sum is just the tail-sum formula for the expected value of a random whole number. $\sum i P(X=i) = \sum_i \sum_{j=1}^i P(X=i) = \sum_{j=1}^\infty \sum_{i =j}^\infty P(X=i) = \sum_{j=1}^\infty P(X \ge j)$.
Apr 1, 2019 at 10:46 comment added Douglas Zare @RichardStanley: The $1/0!$ term is the probability that you need to draw the first time, which is $P(X > 0)=1$. The probability that you need to draw the second number is also 1, $P(X > 1)=1/1!$. The probability that you need to draw the third number is $P(X>2)=1/2!$ etc.
Mar 31, 2019 at 16:38 comment added Richard Stanley How do you get an expectation $\sum_{n=0}^\infty 1/n!$ from the fact that the probability that the sum of the first $n$ numbers is less than 1 is $1/n!$? Where does the term $1/0!$ come from in the sum?
Apr 13, 2017 at 12:58 history edited CommunityBot
replaced http://mathoverflow.net/ with https://mathoverflow.net/
Sep 12, 2013 at 15:13 vote accept web_ninja
Sep 12, 2013 at 14:32 history answered Douglas Zare CC BY-SA 3.0