The counterpart you may intend to use is that every cardinal is comparable with $\kappa$. This means that every infinite set which is not smaller than $\kappa$ has a subset of cardinality $\kappa$.
This is the restriction of the well-ordering principle to $\kappa$, whereas $\sf AC_\kappa$ is the restriction of the axiom of choice to families of size at most $\kappa$.
It should be noted that $\sf WO_\kappa$ does not imply $\sf AC_\kappa$, and the other way around is true only if $\sf WO_{<\kappa}$ holds and $\sf AC_{\operatorname{cf}(\kappa)}$ holds for limit cardinals.
For more on that, see Jech The Axiom of Choice, Chapter 8.
Your idea, bywhile interesting has a problem that we can't really control the idea is not going to workcardinality of the sets in $V_\kappa$. It is consistentWe would like something that we can add an infinite setsomewhat control, which have no countably infinite subsetis comparability of cardinals. In a sense the well-ordering principle is just a prelude to the trichotomy theorem (every two cardinals are comparable), and its rankso this is arbitrarily highwhat we want to limit.
In the same breath, I should mention that my philosophy is that $\sf DC_\kappa$ is the true restriction of $\sf AC$ to $\kappa$, being stronger than the two principles above, and corresponding to Zorn's lemma (or maybe Hausdorff's maximality principle).