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Mar 5, 2014 at 10:19 answer added individ timeline score: 2
May 9, 2013 at 3:26 answer added Aeryk timeline score: 5
May 9, 2013 at 2:13 comment added Noam D. Elkies $a^2+b^2=c^2+d^2 \Longleftrightarrow a^2-c^2=d^2-b^2 \Longleftrightarrow (a-c)(a+c)=(d-b)(d+b)$. Now the primitive solutions of $rs=tu$ are exactly $(r,s,t,u) = (xx',yy',xy',x'y)$ with $\gcd(x,y)=\gcd(x',y')=1$ (and some positivity condition to avoid duplication with factors of $-1$). If $(a,b,c,d)$ is primitive then $(r,s,t,u)$ is primitive up to a factor of $2$ and satisfies $r\equiv s$ and $t\equiv u \bmod 2$. So just figure out what to do with $x,x',y,y' \bmod 2$ and you're done.
May 9, 2013 at 2:09 comment added Barry Cipra What qualifies as a "complete" parameterization? This is somewhat unclear (to me, at least) even in the Pythagorean triple case. I know, of course, that $(p^2-q^2,2pq,p^2+q^2)$ is a parameterization for solutions $(a,b,c)$ of $a^2+b^2=c^2$, but is it "complete"? It doesn't include $(4,3,5)$, for example.
May 9, 2013 at 1:16 history asked Favst CC BY-SA 3.0