Chris Phillips and Nik Weaver wrote a paper called The Calkin Algebra has Outer Automorphisms, where they showed that the Continuum Hypothesis implies that the Calkin algebra $\mathcal{B(H)/K(H)}$ has outer automorphisms. See also this paperthis paper of Farah, McKenney, and Schimmerling, and references therein; they show that it is relatively consistent with ZFC that the Calkin algebra has only inner automorphisms, and hence the question of existence of outer automorphisms is independent of ZFC.
Martin Sleziak
- 4.7k
- 4
- 35
- 40