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Nov 29 at 9:48 comment added LuckyJollyMoments If anyone is interested in the theorem mentioned in the first sentence of the question body (the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a covering between closed orientable surfaces), you can refer to Example 1.41 and Exercise 23 in Section 2.2 of Hatcher’s Algebraic Topology.
Mar 5, 2010 at 17:08 vote accept Jonah Sinick
Mar 5, 2010 at 17:08 answer added Jonah Sinick timeline score: 2
Jan 23, 2010 at 18:32 comment added Tom Church For a reference you might check out the literature on dessin d'enfants; I feel like I've seen such criteria discussed in that more combinatorial context.
Jan 23, 2010 at 12:05 comment added Pete L. Clark Anyway, I realize I am not answering your actual question: i.e., do I know a reference? Unfortunately no, sorry, although I agree that it must have been worked out dozens of times.
Jan 23, 2010 at 12:03 answer added Dmitri Panov timeline score: 4
Jan 23, 2010 at 12:00 comment added Pete L. Clark I had a previous answer which Dmitri Panov pointed out was wrong. Take II (as a comment this time): we start with an arbitrary branched covering of compact Riemann surfaces $S' \rightarrow S$. Then we remove a finite set of points on $S$ together with the complete preimage in $S'$. In order to get an unramified covering we must remove at least the branch locus from $S$; we can also remove any finite number of unbranched points if we wish. I think that every topological unramified cover $S' \rightarrow S$ arises in this way. Now we examine cases using Riemann-Hurwitz...
Jan 23, 2010 at 11:25 history edited Jonah Sinick CC BY-SA 2.5
Added requirement that surfaces be orientable
Jan 23, 2010 at 11:22 comment added Pete L. Clark Are you sure your criterion is correct in the closed case? Let S be the closed, nonorientable surface of Euler characteristic -2 and let S' be the closed orientable surface of Euler characteristic -6. Then $\chi(S')/\chi(S) = 3$, so your divisibility condition is satisfied, but since $3$ is odd, the covering map does not factor through the orientation cover (a degree 2 cover) and therefore passing to an odd degree cover cannot make a nonorientable surface orientable.
Jan 23, 2010 at 10:49 history asked Jonah Sinick CC BY-SA 2.5