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Apr 4, 2013 at 22:48 comment added Jim Humphreys P.S. Looking further at your example, I'm probably more confused than before. The root lattices for $G$ and for $H=H'$ are not the same even though the maximal torus is the same for both. What is the index of each root lattice in the full weight lattice for $G$, assumed to be $X(T)$? For a simply connected $D_4$ it's certainly 4. I have to check Bourbaki's table again, but my computation doesn't seem to agree with yours. It's confusing to me because of all the factors 1/2 that occur.
Apr 4, 2013 at 21:43 history edited Marc van Leeuwen CC BY-SA 3.0
corrected index calculation
Apr 4, 2013 at 20:28 comment added Jim Humphreys @Marc: Thanks for pointing out this example, which I had skipped over too quickly. I'm not sure whether any predictable pattern exists, especially for these non-irreducible subsystems. In a way that's simpler, since there seems to be no conceptual reason for uniformity in thuis indirect method of constructing reductive subgroups of maximal rank.
Apr 4, 2013 at 16:40 history answered Marc van Leeuwen CC BY-SA 3.0