The following are applications in the theory of $p$-groups:

Space groups have been used by

• Felsch, Neubüser, Plesken: Space groups and groups of prime-power order. IV: Counterexamples to the class-breadth conjecture. Journal London Math. Soc. (2), 24 (1981) 113-122

to construct counterexamples to the class-breadth conjecture for $p=2$. Recall the the conjecture claims $\text{class} \le \text{breath} + 1$ for $p$-groups $P$ where the breath $b$ is defined such that $p^b$ is the maximal size of the conjugacy classes of $P$. In their counterexamples $P=S/2^kT$ where $S$ is a space group, $T$ the translation subgroup and $k$ a carefully choosen integer.

Space groups those point groups are $p$-groups are also the core in proving the celebrated coclass conjectures of Leedham-Green and Newman (see the book Leedham-Green, McKay: The structure of groups of prime power order, 2002). I don't know enough to tell details, but it's striking that the series of papers that contain the proof are titled "Space groups and groups of prime-power order" (I-VIII).