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Mar 5, 2013 at 1:57 vote accept Yuan
Mar 5, 2013 at 1:19 history edited Dima Pasechnik CC BY-SA 3.0
added a shorter derivation
Mar 4, 2013 at 23:35 comment added Dima Pasechnik surely, as we are in the univariate case, the positivity of $f$ is equivalent to it being a sum of squares, which boils down to that matrix being positive semi-definitene.
Mar 4, 2013 at 19:32 comment added Noah Stein Another way to see this is to note that the constraint is the definition of positive semi-definiteness of the matrix $\begin{bmatrix} u & -1/2 \\\ -1/2 & v\end{bmatrix}$. Your equivalent form is just the corresponding determinant condition on the minors.
Mar 4, 2013 at 19:01 history answered Dima Pasechnik CC BY-SA 3.0