According to Lax in his expository paper Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals, Hadamard's original proof of the Brouwer fixed-point theorem from 1910 is based on the determinant formula for change of variables in integrals. The reference he gives is J. Hadamard, Sur quelques applications de'l indice Kronecker, pp. 437-477, in J. Tannery, Introduction a la theorie des functions d'une variable, vol. 2, Paris, 1910.
- J. Hadamard, Sur quelques applications de l'indice Kronecker, pp. 437-477, in J. Tannery, Introduction a la theorie des functions d'une variable, vol. 2, Paris, 1910.